Cargando…

Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension

BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a commonly found heavy metal with a prolonged biological half-life, which results in long-term health burden for the population. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between blood cadmium and hypertension. However, few studies examined the relationship between blood...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chen, Shuaijie, Shen, Ruming, Shen, Jiayi, Lyu, Lingchun, Wei, Tiemin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37469695
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106732
_version_ 1785074710486188032
author Chen, Shuaijie
Shen, Ruming
Shen, Jiayi
Lyu, Lingchun
Wei, Tiemin
author_facet Chen, Shuaijie
Shen, Ruming
Shen, Jiayi
Lyu, Lingchun
Wei, Tiemin
author_sort Chen, Shuaijie
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a commonly found heavy metal with a prolonged biological half-life, which results in long-term health burden for the population. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between blood cadmium and hypertension. However, few studies examined the relationship between blood cadmium and long-term health outcomes in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood cadmium with mortality in patients with hypertension. METHODS: This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2012. Complex sampling-weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer’s disease mortality in patients with hypertension classified by blood cadmium concentrations’ quantiles. RESULTS: The study included 12,208 patients with hypertension with a median follow-up duration of 10.8 years. During this period, there were 4,485 all-cause deaths, including 1,520 cardiovascular deaths and 180 Alzheimer’s disease deaths. Compared with the lowest quintile of blood cadmium (≤0.25 μg/L) group, the highest quintile of blood cadmium (≥0.80 μg/L) group’s adjusted HRs were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.59–2.14) for all-cause mortality, 1.76 (95% CI, 1.33–2.34) for cardiovascular mortality, and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.54–7.51) for Alzheimer’s disease mortality. Additionally, the adjusted HR for cardiovascular mortality was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.36–3.30) in never-smoking patients with hypertension. CONCLUSION: Higher blood cadmium is associated with increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer’s disease mortality in patients with hypertension. The effect of blood cadmium on cardiovascular mortality may be more pronounced in never-smoking hypertensive patients.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10353433
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103534332023-07-19 Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension Chen, Shuaijie Shen, Ruming Shen, Jiayi Lyu, Lingchun Wei, Tiemin Front Public Health Public Health BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a commonly found heavy metal with a prolonged biological half-life, which results in long-term health burden for the population. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between blood cadmium and hypertension. However, few studies examined the relationship between blood cadmium and long-term health outcomes in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood cadmium with mortality in patients with hypertension. METHODS: This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2012. Complex sampling-weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer’s disease mortality in patients with hypertension classified by blood cadmium concentrations’ quantiles. RESULTS: The study included 12,208 patients with hypertension with a median follow-up duration of 10.8 years. During this period, there were 4,485 all-cause deaths, including 1,520 cardiovascular deaths and 180 Alzheimer’s disease deaths. Compared with the lowest quintile of blood cadmium (≤0.25 μg/L) group, the highest quintile of blood cadmium (≥0.80 μg/L) group’s adjusted HRs were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.59–2.14) for all-cause mortality, 1.76 (95% CI, 1.33–2.34) for cardiovascular mortality, and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.54–7.51) for Alzheimer’s disease mortality. Additionally, the adjusted HR for cardiovascular mortality was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.36–3.30) in never-smoking patients with hypertension. CONCLUSION: Higher blood cadmium is associated with increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer’s disease mortality in patients with hypertension. The effect of blood cadmium on cardiovascular mortality may be more pronounced in never-smoking hypertensive patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10353433/ /pubmed/37469695 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106732 Text en Copyright © 2023 Chen, Shen, Shen, Lyu and Wei. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Chen, Shuaijie
Shen, Ruming
Shen, Jiayi
Lyu, Lingchun
Wei, Tiemin
Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
title Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
title_full Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
title_fullStr Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
title_full_unstemmed Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
title_short Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
title_sort association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37469695
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106732
work_keys_str_mv AT chenshuaijie associationofbloodcadmiumwithallcauseandcausespecificmortalityinpatientswithhypertension
AT shenruming associationofbloodcadmiumwithallcauseandcausespecificmortalityinpatientswithhypertension
AT shenjiayi associationofbloodcadmiumwithallcauseandcausespecificmortalityinpatientswithhypertension
AT lyulingchun associationofbloodcadmiumwithallcauseandcausespecificmortalityinpatientswithhypertension
AT weitiemin associationofbloodcadmiumwithallcauseandcausespecificmortalityinpatientswithhypertension