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Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations
Gender dysphoria is the imparity between a person’s experienced gender and their birth-assigned gender. Gender transition is the process of adapting a person’s sexual characteristics to match their experienced gender. The number of adults receiving sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria is increas...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355117/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37476490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1184024 |
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author | Sehgal, Inder |
author_facet | Sehgal, Inder |
author_sort | Sehgal, Inder |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gender dysphoria is the imparity between a person’s experienced gender and their birth-assigned gender. Gender transition is the process of adapting a person’s sexual characteristics to match their experienced gender. The number of adults receiving sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria is increasingly and these pharmacotherapies are increasing being prescribed in a general practice setting. The role of hormone therapy is to reverse or reduce physical sexual characteristics of the birth-assigned gender and enhance and build characteristics aligning to the expressed gender and these therapies apply to both transgender and gender nonconforming patients. Recognizing the options and interpreting the effects of gender transition therapies are fundamental to the discussion and treatment of gender dysphoria. This review summarizes pharmacodynamics, comparative dosing, adverse effects, monitoring, and potential pharmacogenetic influence of current pharmacotherapy. These include the use of 17-beta-estradiol, spironolactone, testosterone, GnRH agonists as well as adjunctive phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The article also addresses gaps within the published literature including optimal routes of administration for individual patients, risks of malignancy and dosing reductions as transgender patients age. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10355117 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103551172023-07-20 Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations Sehgal, Inder Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Gender dysphoria is the imparity between a person’s experienced gender and their birth-assigned gender. Gender transition is the process of adapting a person’s sexual characteristics to match their experienced gender. The number of adults receiving sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria is increasingly and these pharmacotherapies are increasing being prescribed in a general practice setting. The role of hormone therapy is to reverse or reduce physical sexual characteristics of the birth-assigned gender and enhance and build characteristics aligning to the expressed gender and these therapies apply to both transgender and gender nonconforming patients. Recognizing the options and interpreting the effects of gender transition therapies are fundamental to the discussion and treatment of gender dysphoria. This review summarizes pharmacodynamics, comparative dosing, adverse effects, monitoring, and potential pharmacogenetic influence of current pharmacotherapy. These include the use of 17-beta-estradiol, spironolactone, testosterone, GnRH agonists as well as adjunctive phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The article also addresses gaps within the published literature including optimal routes of administration for individual patients, risks of malignancy and dosing reductions as transgender patients age. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10355117/ /pubmed/37476490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1184024 Text en Copyright © 2023 Sehgal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Sehgal, Inder Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
title | Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
title_full | Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
title_fullStr | Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
title_full_unstemmed | Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
title_short | Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
title_sort | review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355117/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37476490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1184024 |
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