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Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges

Porous and functionally graded materials have seen extensive applications in modern biomedical devices—allowing for improved site-specific performance; their appreciable mechanical, corrosive, and biocompatible properties are highly sought after for lightweight and high-strength load-bearing orthope...

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Autores principales: Bandyopadhyay, Amit, Mitra, Indranath, Avila, Jose D, Upadhyayula, Mahadev, Bose, Susmita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: IOP Publishing 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37476350
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acdd35
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author Bandyopadhyay, Amit
Mitra, Indranath
Avila, Jose D
Upadhyayula, Mahadev
Bose, Susmita
author_facet Bandyopadhyay, Amit
Mitra, Indranath
Avila, Jose D
Upadhyayula, Mahadev
Bose, Susmita
author_sort Bandyopadhyay, Amit
collection PubMed
description Porous and functionally graded materials have seen extensive applications in modern biomedical devices—allowing for improved site-specific performance; their appreciable mechanical, corrosive, and biocompatible properties are highly sought after for lightweight and high-strength load-bearing orthopedic and dental implants. Examples of such porous materials are metals, ceramics, and polymers. Although, easy to manufacture and lightweight, porous polymers do not inherently exhibit the required mechanical strength for hard tissue repair or replacement. Alternatively, porous ceramics are brittle and do not possess the required fatigue resistance. On the other hand, porous biocompatible metals have shown tailorable strength, fatigue resistance, and toughness. Thereby, a significant interest in investigating the manufacturing challenges of porous metals has taken place in recent years. Past research has shown that once the advantages of porous metallic structures in the orthopedic implant industry have been realized, their biological and biomechanical compatibility—with the host bone—has been followed up with extensive methodical research. Various manufacturing methods for porous or functionally graded metals are discussed and compared in this review, specifically, how the manufacturing process influences microstructure, graded composition, porosity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Most of the studies discussed in this review are related to porous structures for bone implant applications; however, the understanding of these investigations may also be extended to other devices beyond the biomedical field.
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spelling pubmed-103551632023-07-20 Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges Bandyopadhyay, Amit Mitra, Indranath Avila, Jose D Upadhyayula, Mahadev Bose, Susmita Int J Extrem Manuf Topical Review Porous and functionally graded materials have seen extensive applications in modern biomedical devices—allowing for improved site-specific performance; their appreciable mechanical, corrosive, and biocompatible properties are highly sought after for lightweight and high-strength load-bearing orthopedic and dental implants. Examples of such porous materials are metals, ceramics, and polymers. Although, easy to manufacture and lightweight, porous polymers do not inherently exhibit the required mechanical strength for hard tissue repair or replacement. Alternatively, porous ceramics are brittle and do not possess the required fatigue resistance. On the other hand, porous biocompatible metals have shown tailorable strength, fatigue resistance, and toughness. Thereby, a significant interest in investigating the manufacturing challenges of porous metals has taken place in recent years. Past research has shown that once the advantages of porous metallic structures in the orthopedic implant industry have been realized, their biological and biomechanical compatibility—with the host bone—has been followed up with extensive methodical research. Various manufacturing methods for porous or functionally graded metals are discussed and compared in this review, specifically, how the manufacturing process influences microstructure, graded composition, porosity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Most of the studies discussed in this review are related to porous structures for bone implant applications; however, the understanding of these investigations may also be extended to other devices beyond the biomedical field. IOP Publishing 2023-09-01 2023-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10355163/ /pubmed/37476350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acdd35 Text en © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the IMMT https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
spellingShingle Topical Review
Bandyopadhyay, Amit
Mitra, Indranath
Avila, Jose D
Upadhyayula, Mahadev
Bose, Susmita
Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
title Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
title_full Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
title_fullStr Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
title_full_unstemmed Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
title_short Porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
title_sort porous metal implants: processing, properties, and challenges
topic Topical Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37476350
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acdd35
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