Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of root bark of Ferula communis (Apiaceae)

INTRODUCTION: Plants are widely used in traditional medicine because they contain a high concentration of antimicrobial agents, serving as the foundation for medicines. The aim of this study was preliminary identification of phytochemicals and assesses the antimicrobial activity of extracts of Ferula communis root bark. METHODS: Plant was collected, and standard qualitative procedures were conducted. The plant samples were extracted with 99.9% methanol and 80% ethanol. To identify phytochemicals found in plants, a preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed. Agar diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. RESULT: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanol and methanol extract revealed positive results for flavonoids, coumarins and tannins. Terpenoids and anthraquinones were detected only in the methanol extract. The extract of Ferula communis showed an antibacterial effect on both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria in a concentration‐dependent manner. The average zone of inhibition for gram‐positive bacteria was 11 mm, whereas for gram‐negative bacteria, it was 9 mm. The MIC and MBC values also varied with the type of bacteria. In all bacterial species tested, the mean MBC value was similar to the MIC. CONCLUSION: Different phytochemicals were detected in extracts of the root bark of F. communis and extracts showed antibacterial effects in a concentration‐dependent manner. Therefore, further purification and evaluation of the extracts and antioxidant activity of the plant should be investigated.