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Efficient Removal of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking
[Image: see text] Nitrate is a contaminant widely found in surface water, and a high concentration of nitrate can pose a serious threat to human health. Zero-valent iron is widely used to reduce nitrate in aqueous solution, but an acidic condition is required. Zero-valent aluminum has a much lower r...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10357571/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37483218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01347 |
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author | Dai, Yi-Gong Guo, Xiao-Han Ma, Gen-Wang Gai, Wei-Zhuo Deng, Zhen-Yan |
author_facet | Dai, Yi-Gong Guo, Xiao-Han Ma, Gen-Wang Gai, Wei-Zhuo Deng, Zhen-Yan |
author_sort | Dai, Yi-Gong |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Nitrate is a contaminant widely found in surface water, and a high concentration of nitrate can pose a serious threat to human health. Zero-valent iron is widely used to reduce nitrate in aqueous solution, but an acidic condition is required. Zero-valent aluminum has a much lower redox potential (E(0)(Al(3+)/Al(0)) = −1.662 V) than zero-valent iron (E(0)(Fe(2+)/Fe(0)) = −0.44 V), making it a better choice for reduction of nitrate. However, a passive oxide film covering on Al surfaces inhibits its electron transfer. In this work, metal Al powder was activated by a soaking procedure in deionized water. It was found that nitrate in neutral solution can be efficiently and completely reduced by soaked Al, even if the concentration of nitrate-N was up to 100 mg L(–1). Using an optimal soaking time, the soaked Al can remove >90% of nitrate in aqueous solution within ∼2 h at 50 °C. Furthermore, the nitrate reduction efficiency increased with increasing reaction temperature and dosage of Al powder. After reaction, only ∼50% of pristine N content was left in the form of ammonia ions (NH(4)(+)) in aqueous solution. Mechanism analyses showed that after soaking, Al particle surfaces were covered by a layer of loose and fine Al(OH)(3) grains, which can shorten the induction time for the beginning of the reaction between inner Al and outside ions or molecules. This is the reason why soaked Al has a high efficiency for nitrate removal. The present results indicate that soaking is an effective way to activate Al to remove nitrate in water. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10357571 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103575712023-07-21 Efficient Removal of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking Dai, Yi-Gong Guo, Xiao-Han Ma, Gen-Wang Gai, Wei-Zhuo Deng, Zhen-Yan ACS Omega [Image: see text] Nitrate is a contaminant widely found in surface water, and a high concentration of nitrate can pose a serious threat to human health. Zero-valent iron is widely used to reduce nitrate in aqueous solution, but an acidic condition is required. Zero-valent aluminum has a much lower redox potential (E(0)(Al(3+)/Al(0)) = −1.662 V) than zero-valent iron (E(0)(Fe(2+)/Fe(0)) = −0.44 V), making it a better choice for reduction of nitrate. However, a passive oxide film covering on Al surfaces inhibits its electron transfer. In this work, metal Al powder was activated by a soaking procedure in deionized water. It was found that nitrate in neutral solution can be efficiently and completely reduced by soaked Al, even if the concentration of nitrate-N was up to 100 mg L(–1). Using an optimal soaking time, the soaked Al can remove >90% of nitrate in aqueous solution within ∼2 h at 50 °C. Furthermore, the nitrate reduction efficiency increased with increasing reaction temperature and dosage of Al powder. After reaction, only ∼50% of pristine N content was left in the form of ammonia ions (NH(4)(+)) in aqueous solution. Mechanism analyses showed that after soaking, Al particle surfaces were covered by a layer of loose and fine Al(OH)(3) grains, which can shorten the induction time for the beginning of the reaction between inner Al and outside ions or molecules. This is the reason why soaked Al has a high efficiency for nitrate removal. The present results indicate that soaking is an effective way to activate Al to remove nitrate in water. American Chemical Society 2023-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10357571/ /pubmed/37483218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01347 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Dai, Yi-Gong Guo, Xiao-Han Ma, Gen-Wang Gai, Wei-Zhuo Deng, Zhen-Yan Efficient Removal of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking |
title | Efficient Removal
of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using
Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking |
title_full | Efficient Removal
of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using
Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking |
title_fullStr | Efficient Removal
of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using
Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking |
title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Removal
of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using
Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking |
title_short | Efficient Removal
of Nitrate in Neutral Solution Using
Zero-Valent Al Activated by Soaking |
title_sort | efficient removal
of nitrate in neutral solution using
zero-valent al activated by soaking |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10357571/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37483218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01347 |
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