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Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification

BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes tre...

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Autores principales: Rega, Sara, Farina, Floriana, Bouhuis, Silvia, de Donato, Silvia, Chiesa, Mattia, Poggio, Paolo, Cavallotti, Laura, Bonalumi, Giorgia, Giambuzzi, Ilaria, Pompilio, Giulio, Perrucci, Gianluca L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10357728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37475058
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w
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author Rega, Sara
Farina, Floriana
Bouhuis, Silvia
de Donato, Silvia
Chiesa, Mattia
Poggio, Paolo
Cavallotti, Laura
Bonalumi, Giorgia
Giambuzzi, Ilaria
Pompilio, Giulio
Perrucci, Gianluca L.
author_facet Rega, Sara
Farina, Floriana
Bouhuis, Silvia
de Donato, Silvia
Chiesa, Mattia
Poggio, Paolo
Cavallotti, Laura
Bonalumi, Giorgia
Giambuzzi, Ilaria
Pompilio, Giulio
Perrucci, Gianluca L.
author_sort Rega, Sara
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging, as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. METHODS: This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA. RESULTS: Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process (i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific detrimental mediators (proteoglycans). CONCLUSION: It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data, is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA diagnosis and therapy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w.
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spelling pubmed-103577282023-07-21 Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification Rega, Sara Farina, Floriana Bouhuis, Silvia de Donato, Silvia Chiesa, Mattia Poggio, Paolo Cavallotti, Laura Bonalumi, Giorgia Giambuzzi, Ilaria Pompilio, Giulio Perrucci, Gianluca L. Cell Biosci Review BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging, as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. METHODS: This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA. RESULTS: Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process (i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific detrimental mediators (proteoglycans). CONCLUSION: It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data, is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA diagnosis and therapy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w. BioMed Central 2023-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10357728/ /pubmed/37475058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Rega, Sara
Farina, Floriana
Bouhuis, Silvia
de Donato, Silvia
Chiesa, Mattia
Poggio, Paolo
Cavallotti, Laura
Bonalumi, Giorgia
Giambuzzi, Ilaria
Pompilio, Giulio
Perrucci, Gianluca L.
Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
title Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
title_full Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
title_fullStr Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
title_full_unstemmed Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
title_short Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
title_sort multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10357728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37475058
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w
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