The temporal relationship of alcohol use and subsequent self-reported health status among people with HIV

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use among people with HIV is associated with worse HIV treatment outcomes. Its impact on self-reported health status is unclear. SETTING: Longitudinal cohort of people with HIV engaged in care across 7 clinics participating in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Care Systems between January 2011 and June 2014. METHODS: A total of 5046 participants were studied. A quantile regression model estimated the association of alcohol use levels with subsequent self-reported health status score, accounting for multiple covariates including depressive symptoms. Women, men who have sex with women, and men who have sex with men were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 21%, 31%, and 37% among women, men who have sex with women, and men who have sex with men, respectively. Women with heavy alcohol use had a subsequently decreased median self-reported health status score compared to women with no or moderate alcohol use (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.99); this association was not explained by the presence of depressive symptoms. There was no observed association of alcohol use level on subsequent self-reported health status among men who have sex with women. Men who have sex with men reporting no alcohol use had a subsequently decreased median self-reported health status compared to moderate alcohol use (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80–0.97). CONCLUSION: Heavy alcohol use is associated with worsened self-reported health status at subsequent visits among women with HIV and not men with HIV.