Assessment of Treatment Outcome and Its Associated Factors among Adult Epileptic Patients in Public Hospitals in the Southern Ethiopia: A Multi-center Cross-sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy accounts for 0.5 % of the world's disease burden. Around 80 % of these are living in low and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence is 0.6 to 5 per 1000 population. There is a little study in our study area on the treatment and predictors of response of adult epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment outcome and its associated factors among adult epileptic patients in public hospitals in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: Multi-centered, Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 - august 2022. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and record review. Data was analysed using SPSS. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses have been performed between the dependent and the independent variables. RESULT: Of the total 422 participants, 55.9 % were males and 62.6% were below 30 years of age. The most common type of seizure was a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Most (87.9 %) were treated by immunotherapy. Phenobarbitone is most common medication (77.5). One-quarter reported adverse effects of medication. The majority (78%) had good control (seizure free for at least one year) and 22% had poor control. Poor medication adherence (AOR=4.03) and shorter duration of seizure before treatment (AOR=4.233) were associated with poor control. CONCLUSION: A significant number of patients had poor control of seizures. Early identification of issues on medication adherence and early initiation of treatment will improve treatment outcome.