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Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates

Cooperation is a crucial aspect of social life, yet understanding the nature of cooperation and how it can be promoted is an ongoing challenge. One mechanism for cooperation is indirect reciprocity. According to this mechanism, individuals cooperate to maintain a good reputation. This idea is embodi...

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Autores principales: Murase, Yohsuke, Hilbe, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10359017/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37471286
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011271
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author Murase, Yohsuke
Hilbe, Christian
author_facet Murase, Yohsuke
Hilbe, Christian
author_sort Murase, Yohsuke
collection PubMed
description Cooperation is a crucial aspect of social life, yet understanding the nature of cooperation and how it can be promoted is an ongoing challenge. One mechanism for cooperation is indirect reciprocity. According to this mechanism, individuals cooperate to maintain a good reputation. This idea is embodied in a set of social norms called the “leading eight”. When all information is publicly available, these norms have two major properties. Populations that employ these norms are fully cooperative, and they are stable against invasion by alternative norms. In this paper, we extend the framework of the leading eight in two directions. First, we include norms with ‘dual’ reputation updates. These norms do not only assign new reputations to an acting donor; they also allow to update the reputation of the passive recipient. Second, we allow social norms to be stochastic. Such norms allow individuals to evaluate others with certain probabilities. Using this framework, we characterize all evolutionarily stable norms that lead to full cooperation in the public information regime. When only the donor’s reputation is updated, and all updates are deterministic, we recover the conventional model. In that case, we find two classes of stable norms: the leading eight and the ‘secondary sixteen’. Stochasticity can further help to stabilize cooperation when the benefit of cooperation is comparably small. Moreover, updating the recipients’ reputations can help populations to recover more quickly from errors. Overall, our study highlights a remarkable trade-off between the evolutionary stability of a norm and its robustness with respect to errors. Norms that correct errors quickly require higher benefits of cooperation to be stable.
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spelling pubmed-103590172023-07-21 Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates Murase, Yohsuke Hilbe, Christian PLoS Comput Biol Research Article Cooperation is a crucial aspect of social life, yet understanding the nature of cooperation and how it can be promoted is an ongoing challenge. One mechanism for cooperation is indirect reciprocity. According to this mechanism, individuals cooperate to maintain a good reputation. This idea is embodied in a set of social norms called the “leading eight”. When all information is publicly available, these norms have two major properties. Populations that employ these norms are fully cooperative, and they are stable against invasion by alternative norms. In this paper, we extend the framework of the leading eight in two directions. First, we include norms with ‘dual’ reputation updates. These norms do not only assign new reputations to an acting donor; they also allow to update the reputation of the passive recipient. Second, we allow social norms to be stochastic. Such norms allow individuals to evaluate others with certain probabilities. Using this framework, we characterize all evolutionarily stable norms that lead to full cooperation in the public information regime. When only the donor’s reputation is updated, and all updates are deterministic, we recover the conventional model. In that case, we find two classes of stable norms: the leading eight and the ‘secondary sixteen’. Stochasticity can further help to stabilize cooperation when the benefit of cooperation is comparably small. Moreover, updating the recipients’ reputations can help populations to recover more quickly from errors. Overall, our study highlights a remarkable trade-off between the evolutionary stability of a norm and its robustness with respect to errors. Norms that correct errors quickly require higher benefits of cooperation to be stable. Public Library of Science 2023-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10359017/ /pubmed/37471286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011271 Text en © 2023 Murase, Hilbe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Murase, Yohsuke
Hilbe, Christian
Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
title Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
title_full Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
title_fullStr Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
title_full_unstemmed Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
title_short Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
title_sort indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10359017/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37471286
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011271
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