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Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome

Long-duration human spaceflight can lead to changes in both the eye and the brain, which have been referred to as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). These changes may manifest as a constellation of symptoms, which can include optic disc edema, optic nerve sheath distension, choroid...

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Autores principales: Stern, Claudia, Yücel, Yeni H., zu Eulenburg, Peter, Pavy-Le Traon, Anne, Petersen, Lonnie Grove
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10359255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37474624
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00300-4
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author Stern, Claudia
Yücel, Yeni H.
zu Eulenburg, Peter
Pavy-Le Traon, Anne
Petersen, Lonnie Grove
author_facet Stern, Claudia
Yücel, Yeni H.
zu Eulenburg, Peter
Pavy-Le Traon, Anne
Petersen, Lonnie Grove
author_sort Stern, Claudia
collection PubMed
description Long-duration human spaceflight can lead to changes in both the eye and the brain, which have been referred to as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). These changes may manifest as a constellation of symptoms, which can include optic disc edema, optic nerve sheath distension, choroidal folds, globe flattening, hyperopic shift, and cotton wool spots. Although the underpinning mechanisms for SANS are not yet known, contributors may include intracranial interstitial fluid accumulation following microgravity induced headward fluid shift. Development and validation of SANS countermeasures contribute to our understanding of etiology and accelerate new technology including exercise modalities, Lower Body Negative Pressure suits, venous thigh cuffs, and Impedance Threshold Devices. However, significant knowledge gaps remain including biomarkers, a full set of countermeasures and/or treatment regimes, and finally reliable ground based analogs to accelerate the research. This review from the European Space Agency SANS expert group summarizes past research and current knowledge on SANS, potential countermeasures, and key knowledge gaps, to further our understanding, prevention, and treatment of SANS both during human spaceflight and future extraterrestrial surface exploration.
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spelling pubmed-103592552023-07-22 Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome Stern, Claudia Yücel, Yeni H. zu Eulenburg, Peter Pavy-Le Traon, Anne Petersen, Lonnie Grove NPJ Microgravity Perspective Long-duration human spaceflight can lead to changes in both the eye and the brain, which have been referred to as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). These changes may manifest as a constellation of symptoms, which can include optic disc edema, optic nerve sheath distension, choroidal folds, globe flattening, hyperopic shift, and cotton wool spots. Although the underpinning mechanisms for SANS are not yet known, contributors may include intracranial interstitial fluid accumulation following microgravity induced headward fluid shift. Development and validation of SANS countermeasures contribute to our understanding of etiology and accelerate new technology including exercise modalities, Lower Body Negative Pressure suits, venous thigh cuffs, and Impedance Threshold Devices. However, significant knowledge gaps remain including biomarkers, a full set of countermeasures and/or treatment regimes, and finally reliable ground based analogs to accelerate the research. This review from the European Space Agency SANS expert group summarizes past research and current knowledge on SANS, potential countermeasures, and key knowledge gaps, to further our understanding, prevention, and treatment of SANS both during human spaceflight and future extraterrestrial surface exploration. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10359255/ /pubmed/37474624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00300-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Perspective
Stern, Claudia
Yücel, Yeni H.
zu Eulenburg, Peter
Pavy-Le Traon, Anne
Petersen, Lonnie Grove
Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
title Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
title_full Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
title_fullStr Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
title_short Eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
title_sort eye-brain axis in microgravity and its implications for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10359255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37474624
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00300-4
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