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GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis

Fatty acids and glucose are key biomolecules that share several commonalities including serving as energy substrates and as signaling molecules. Fatty acids can be synthesized endogenously from intermediates of glucose catabolism via de-novo lipogenesis. Bile acids are synthesized endogenously in th...

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Autores principales: Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako, Liu, Liu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10360933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37484954
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1206063
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author Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako
Liu, Liu
author_facet Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako
Liu, Liu
author_sort Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako
collection PubMed
description Fatty acids and glucose are key biomolecules that share several commonalities including serving as energy substrates and as signaling molecules. Fatty acids can be synthesized endogenously from intermediates of glucose catabolism via de-novo lipogenesis. Bile acids are synthesized endogenously in the liver from the biologically important lipid molecule, cholesterol. Evidence abounds that fatty acids and bile acids play direct and indirect roles in systemic glucose homeostasis. The tight control of plasma glucose levels during postprandial and fasted states is principally mediated by two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon. Here, we summarize experimental studies on the endocrine effects of fatty acids and bile acids, with emphasis on their ability to regulate the release of key hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. We categorize the heterogenous family of fatty acids into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), unsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, and highlight that along with bile acids, these biomolecules regulate glucose homeostasis by serving as endogenous ligands for specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Activation of these GPCRs affects the release of incretin hormones by enteroendocrine cells and/or the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin by pancreatic islets, all of which regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. We deduce that signaling induced by fatty acids and bile acids is necessary to maintain euglycemia to prevent metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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spelling pubmed-103609332023-07-22 GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako Liu, Liu Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Fatty acids and glucose are key biomolecules that share several commonalities including serving as energy substrates and as signaling molecules. Fatty acids can be synthesized endogenously from intermediates of glucose catabolism via de-novo lipogenesis. Bile acids are synthesized endogenously in the liver from the biologically important lipid molecule, cholesterol. Evidence abounds that fatty acids and bile acids play direct and indirect roles in systemic glucose homeostasis. The tight control of plasma glucose levels during postprandial and fasted states is principally mediated by two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon. Here, we summarize experimental studies on the endocrine effects of fatty acids and bile acids, with emphasis on their ability to regulate the release of key hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. We categorize the heterogenous family of fatty acids into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), unsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, and highlight that along with bile acids, these biomolecules regulate glucose homeostasis by serving as endogenous ligands for specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Activation of these GPCRs affects the release of incretin hormones by enteroendocrine cells and/or the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin by pancreatic islets, all of which regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. We deduce that signaling induced by fatty acids and bile acids is necessary to maintain euglycemia to prevent metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10360933/ /pubmed/37484954 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1206063 Text en Copyright © 2023 Oteng and Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako
Liu, Liu
GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
title GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
title_full GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
title_fullStr GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
title_short GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
title_sort gpcr-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10360933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37484954
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1206063
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