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Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020

The Gambia’s routine childhood vaccination programme is highly successful, however, many vaccinations are delayed, with potential implications for disease outbreaks. We adopted a multi-dimensional approach to determine the timeliness of vaccination (i.e., timely, early, delayed, and untimely interva...

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Autores principales: Wariri, Oghenebrume, Utazi, Chigozie Edson, Okomo, Uduak, Sogur, Malick, Murray, Kris A., Grundy, Chris, Fofanna, Sidat, Kampmann, Beate
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37478124
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288741
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author Wariri, Oghenebrume
Utazi, Chigozie Edson
Okomo, Uduak
Sogur, Malick
Murray, Kris A.
Grundy, Chris
Fofanna, Sidat
Kampmann, Beate
author_facet Wariri, Oghenebrume
Utazi, Chigozie Edson
Okomo, Uduak
Sogur, Malick
Murray, Kris A.
Grundy, Chris
Fofanna, Sidat
Kampmann, Beate
author_sort Wariri, Oghenebrume
collection PubMed
description The Gambia’s routine childhood vaccination programme is highly successful, however, many vaccinations are delayed, with potential implications for disease outbreaks. We adopted a multi-dimensional approach to determine the timeliness of vaccination (i.e., timely, early, delayed, and untimely interval vaccination). We utilised data for 3,248 children from The Gambia 2019–2020 Demographic and Health Survey. Nine tracer vaccines administered at birth and at two, three, four, and nine months of life were included. Timeliness was defined according to the recommended national vaccination windows and reported as both categorical and continuous variables. Routine coverage was high (above 90%), but also a high rate of untimely vaccination. First-dose pentavalent vaccine (PENTA1) and oral polio vaccine (OPV1) had the highest timely coverage that ranged from 71.8% (95% CI = 68.7–74.8%) to 74.4% (95% CI = 71.7–77.1%). Delayed vaccination was the commonest dimension of untimely vaccination and ranged from 17.5% (95% CI = 14.5–20.4%) to 91.1% (95% CI = 88.9–93.4%), with median delays ranging from 11 days (IQR = 5, 19.5 days) to 28 days (IQR = 11, 57 days) across all vaccines. The birth-dose of Hepatitis B vaccine had the highest delay and this was more common in the 24–35 months age group (91.1% [95% CI = 88.9–93.4%], median delays = 17 days [IQR = 10, 28 days]) compared to the 12–23 months age-group (84.9% [95% CI = 81.9–87.9%], median delays = 16 days [IQR = 9, 26 days]). Early vaccination was the least common and ranged from 4.9% (95% CI = 3.2–6.7%) to 10.7% (95% CI = 8.3–13.1%) for all vaccines. The Gambia’s childhood immunization system requires urgent implementation of effective strategies to reduce untimely vaccination in order to optimize its quality, even though it already has impressive coverage rates.
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spelling pubmed-103614782023-07-22 Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020 Wariri, Oghenebrume Utazi, Chigozie Edson Okomo, Uduak Sogur, Malick Murray, Kris A. Grundy, Chris Fofanna, Sidat Kampmann, Beate PLoS One Research Article The Gambia’s routine childhood vaccination programme is highly successful, however, many vaccinations are delayed, with potential implications for disease outbreaks. We adopted a multi-dimensional approach to determine the timeliness of vaccination (i.e., timely, early, delayed, and untimely interval vaccination). We utilised data for 3,248 children from The Gambia 2019–2020 Demographic and Health Survey. Nine tracer vaccines administered at birth and at two, three, four, and nine months of life were included. Timeliness was defined according to the recommended national vaccination windows and reported as both categorical and continuous variables. Routine coverage was high (above 90%), but also a high rate of untimely vaccination. First-dose pentavalent vaccine (PENTA1) and oral polio vaccine (OPV1) had the highest timely coverage that ranged from 71.8% (95% CI = 68.7–74.8%) to 74.4% (95% CI = 71.7–77.1%). Delayed vaccination was the commonest dimension of untimely vaccination and ranged from 17.5% (95% CI = 14.5–20.4%) to 91.1% (95% CI = 88.9–93.4%), with median delays ranging from 11 days (IQR = 5, 19.5 days) to 28 days (IQR = 11, 57 days) across all vaccines. The birth-dose of Hepatitis B vaccine had the highest delay and this was more common in the 24–35 months age group (91.1% [95% CI = 88.9–93.4%], median delays = 17 days [IQR = 10, 28 days]) compared to the 12–23 months age-group (84.9% [95% CI = 81.9–87.9%], median delays = 16 days [IQR = 9, 26 days]). Early vaccination was the least common and ranged from 4.9% (95% CI = 3.2–6.7%) to 10.7% (95% CI = 8.3–13.1%) for all vaccines. The Gambia’s childhood immunization system requires urgent implementation of effective strategies to reduce untimely vaccination in order to optimize its quality, even though it already has impressive coverage rates. Public Library of Science 2023-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10361478/ /pubmed/37478124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288741 Text en © 2023 Wariri et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wariri, Oghenebrume
Utazi, Chigozie Edson
Okomo, Uduak
Sogur, Malick
Murray, Kris A.
Grundy, Chris
Fofanna, Sidat
Kampmann, Beate
Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
title Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
title_full Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
title_fullStr Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
title_full_unstemmed Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
title_short Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in The Gambia: Analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
title_sort timeliness of routine childhood vaccination among 12–35 months old children in the gambia: analysis of national immunisation survey data, 2019–2020
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37478124
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288741
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