The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to explore the time of maximum bacterial load and main colonization knee site in bacterial infection process based on a novel rat model of septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: Ninety-five Wistar rats with unilatera...

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Autores principales: Tong, Kai, Wei, Jian, Liu, Zilin, Yang, Xiaoming, Hu, Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362564/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481547
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03969-1
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author Tong, Kai
Wei, Jian
Liu, Zilin
Yang, Xiaoming
Hu, Yong
author_facet Tong, Kai
Wei, Jian
Liu, Zilin
Yang, Xiaoming
Hu, Yong
author_sort Tong, Kai
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to explore the time of maximum bacterial load and main colonization knee site in bacterial infection process based on a novel rat model of septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: Ninety-five Wistar rats with unilateral ACLR, random enrolled into control surgery (CS) group; joint inject (JI) group; presoaking (PS) group, were injected with 30 μl sterile saline or 30 μl × 10(7) colony forming units/ml Staphylococcus aureus via the knee joint or graft with presoaked Staphylococcus aureus during ACLR, respectively. At 1, 4, 7, 11, and 14 days postoperatively, samples were harvested to evaluate progress of knee joint infection by postoperative body weight, body temperature, knee temperature, knee width, scales of tissue damage, serum inflammatory markers, microbiological counting, microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT), digital radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: No systemic infection was observed in all rats. Comparing with serum inflammatory markers, tissue scores of inflammatory reactions, bacterial counts in the CS group, these data were significantly elevated in the JI group and PS group. The bone mass around the bone tunnel was lower and the soft tissue of knee showed more obvious swelling on MRI in the infection groups than that in the CS group at 7 and 14 days postoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus clusters on the surface of screw and graft were observed in the infection group. The whole colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus maintained a continuous upward trend peaking 7 and 11 days followed by a balanced curve in the infection groups. Bone and soft tissue were found to have more bacterial counts than graft and screws. CONCLUSION: This animal model effectively mimics the acute knee infection after ACLR. We found that the bacterial colonization exhibited the peak of acute infection between 7 and 11 days postoperatively, with the major bacteria loads found in the bone, soft tissue. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-023-03969-1.
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spelling pubmed-103625642023-07-23 The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model Tong, Kai Wei, Jian Liu, Zilin Yang, Xiaoming Hu, Yong J Orthop Surg Res Research Article BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to explore the time of maximum bacterial load and main colonization knee site in bacterial infection process based on a novel rat model of septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: Ninety-five Wistar rats with unilateral ACLR, random enrolled into control surgery (CS) group; joint inject (JI) group; presoaking (PS) group, were injected with 30 μl sterile saline or 30 μl × 10(7) colony forming units/ml Staphylococcus aureus via the knee joint or graft with presoaked Staphylococcus aureus during ACLR, respectively. At 1, 4, 7, 11, and 14 days postoperatively, samples were harvested to evaluate progress of knee joint infection by postoperative body weight, body temperature, knee temperature, knee width, scales of tissue damage, serum inflammatory markers, microbiological counting, microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT), digital radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: No systemic infection was observed in all rats. Comparing with serum inflammatory markers, tissue scores of inflammatory reactions, bacterial counts in the CS group, these data were significantly elevated in the JI group and PS group. The bone mass around the bone tunnel was lower and the soft tissue of knee showed more obvious swelling on MRI in the infection groups than that in the CS group at 7 and 14 days postoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus clusters on the surface of screw and graft were observed in the infection group. The whole colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus maintained a continuous upward trend peaking 7 and 11 days followed by a balanced curve in the infection groups. Bone and soft tissue were found to have more bacterial counts than graft and screws. CONCLUSION: This animal model effectively mimics the acute knee infection after ACLR. We found that the bacterial colonization exhibited the peak of acute infection between 7 and 11 days postoperatively, with the major bacteria loads found in the bone, soft tissue. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-023-03969-1. BioMed Central 2023-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10362564/ /pubmed/37481547 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03969-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Tong, Kai
Wei, Jian
Liu, Zilin
Yang, Xiaoming
Hu, Yong
The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
title The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
title_full The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
title_fullStr The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
title_full_unstemmed The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
title_short The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
title_sort early infection characterization of septic arthritis by staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362564/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481547
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03969-1
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