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Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Disasters have an unequal impact on the population because of differences in conditions of vulnerability, exposure, and capacity. Migrants and women are among the groups that are at greater risk for and disproportionately affected by disasters. However, despite the large body of evidence...

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Autores principales: Trentin, Monica, Rubini, Elena, Bahattab, Awsan, Loddo, Mariarosa, Della Corte, Francesco, Ragazzoni, Luca, Valente, Martina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01951-1
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author Trentin, Monica
Rubini, Elena
Bahattab, Awsan
Loddo, Mariarosa
Della Corte, Francesco
Ragazzoni, Luca
Valente, Martina
author_facet Trentin, Monica
Rubini, Elena
Bahattab, Awsan
Loddo, Mariarosa
Della Corte, Francesco
Ragazzoni, Luca
Valente, Martina
author_sort Trentin, Monica
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Disasters have an unequal impact on the population because of differences in conditions of vulnerability, exposure, and capacity. Migrants and women are among the groups that are at greater risk for and disproportionately affected by disasters. However, despite the large body of evidence that analyzes their vulnerability separately, disaster research that targets migrant women is scant. The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the published scientific literature concerning the vulnerability of migrant women and the consequent negative impact they experience during disasters. METHODS: A literature search was conducted on December 15th, 2021 on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. No time filter was applied to the search. Information regarding the article’s main characteristics and design, migrant women and their migration experience, as well as about the type of disaster was collected. The factors responsible for the vulnerability of migrant women and the negative outcomes experienced during a disaster were extracted and inductively clustered in main themes reflecting several vulnerability pathways. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and relied on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS: After full text review, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of them adopted a qualitative methodology and focused on COVID-19. The pandemic negatively affected migrant women, by triggering numerous drivers that increased their level of exposure and vulnerability. Overall, six vulnerability factors have been identified: legal status, poverty conditions, pre-existing health conditions, limited agency, gender inequality and language and cultural barriers. These resulted in nine impacts: worsening of mental health status, poor access to care, worsening of physical health conditions, fraud, exacerbation of poverty, gender-based violence, jeopardization of educational path, and unfulfillment of their religious needs. CONCLUSIONS: This review provided an analysis of the vulnerability factors of migrant women and the pathways leading to negative outcomes during a disaster. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that health equity is a goal that is still far to reach. The post-pandemic era should constitute the momentum for thoroughly addressing the social determinants of health that systematically marginalize the most vulnerable groups. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-023-01951-1.
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spelling pubmed-103626322023-07-23 Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature Trentin, Monica Rubini, Elena Bahattab, Awsan Loddo, Mariarosa Della Corte, Francesco Ragazzoni, Luca Valente, Martina Int J Equity Health Systematic Review BACKGROUND: Disasters have an unequal impact on the population because of differences in conditions of vulnerability, exposure, and capacity. Migrants and women are among the groups that are at greater risk for and disproportionately affected by disasters. However, despite the large body of evidence that analyzes their vulnerability separately, disaster research that targets migrant women is scant. The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the published scientific literature concerning the vulnerability of migrant women and the consequent negative impact they experience during disasters. METHODS: A literature search was conducted on December 15th, 2021 on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. No time filter was applied to the search. Information regarding the article’s main characteristics and design, migrant women and their migration experience, as well as about the type of disaster was collected. The factors responsible for the vulnerability of migrant women and the negative outcomes experienced during a disaster were extracted and inductively clustered in main themes reflecting several vulnerability pathways. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and relied on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS: After full text review, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of them adopted a qualitative methodology and focused on COVID-19. The pandemic negatively affected migrant women, by triggering numerous drivers that increased their level of exposure and vulnerability. Overall, six vulnerability factors have been identified: legal status, poverty conditions, pre-existing health conditions, limited agency, gender inequality and language and cultural barriers. These resulted in nine impacts: worsening of mental health status, poor access to care, worsening of physical health conditions, fraud, exacerbation of poverty, gender-based violence, jeopardization of educational path, and unfulfillment of their religious needs. CONCLUSIONS: This review provided an analysis of the vulnerability factors of migrant women and the pathways leading to negative outcomes during a disaster. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that health equity is a goal that is still far to reach. The post-pandemic era should constitute the momentum for thoroughly addressing the social determinants of health that systematically marginalize the most vulnerable groups. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-023-01951-1. BioMed Central 2023-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10362632/ /pubmed/37481546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01951-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Trentin, Monica
Rubini, Elena
Bahattab, Awsan
Loddo, Mariarosa
Della Corte, Francesco
Ragazzoni, Luca
Valente, Martina
Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
title Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
title_full Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
title_fullStr Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
title_short Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
title_sort vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01951-1
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