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Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between social isolation and cognitive performance among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A latent growth model (LGM) was applied t...

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Autores principales: Duan, Yanran, Jiang, Shuai, Yin, Zhao, Wang, Sufan, Gao, Jinghong, Yang, Mengyu, Chen, Changying, Fu, Hang, Wang, Chengzeng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481576
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16274-7
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author Duan, Yanran
Jiang, Shuai
Yin, Zhao
Wang, Sufan
Gao, Jinghong
Yang, Mengyu
Chen, Changying
Fu, Hang
Wang, Chengzeng
author_facet Duan, Yanran
Jiang, Shuai
Yin, Zhao
Wang, Sufan
Gao, Jinghong
Yang, Mengyu
Chen, Changying
Fu, Hang
Wang, Chengzeng
author_sort Duan, Yanran
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between social isolation and cognitive performance among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A latent growth model (LGM) was applied to examine the association between social isolation and cognitive performance across different characteristics. RESULTS: In the analysis, we ultimately included 9,367 participants after excluding respondents with missing key variables. Social isolation and cognitive performance showed significant differences across time. After adjusting for the confounders, there was a significant association between higher social isolation and poor cognitive performance (β = −1.38, p < 0.001), and higher levels of social isolation resulted in a more pronounced decline in cognition over time (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Additionally, the path coefficient between the initial level of cognition at baseline and the slope of social isolation was − 0.07 (p < 0.001) and 0.01 (p = 0.021), respectively. For the correlation between slopes, our study found that females’ cognition scores were more susceptible to social isolation (β = − 2.78, p < 0.001). Similarly, regarding cognition scores, the influence of social isolation was greater among people with education below the primary level (β = − 2.89, p = 0.002) or a greater number of chronic diseases (β = − 2.56, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the bidirectional association between social isolation and cognition. Specifically, higher baseline social isolation and its rate of increase over time contribute to an intensification of cognitive decline at follow-up. Besides, poorer cognitive performance predicted higher social isolation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16274-7.
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spelling pubmed-103626972023-07-23 Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey Duan, Yanran Jiang, Shuai Yin, Zhao Wang, Sufan Gao, Jinghong Yang, Mengyu Chen, Changying Fu, Hang Wang, Chengzeng BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between social isolation and cognitive performance among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A latent growth model (LGM) was applied to examine the association between social isolation and cognitive performance across different characteristics. RESULTS: In the analysis, we ultimately included 9,367 participants after excluding respondents with missing key variables. Social isolation and cognitive performance showed significant differences across time. After adjusting for the confounders, there was a significant association between higher social isolation and poor cognitive performance (β = −1.38, p < 0.001), and higher levels of social isolation resulted in a more pronounced decline in cognition over time (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Additionally, the path coefficient between the initial level of cognition at baseline and the slope of social isolation was − 0.07 (p < 0.001) and 0.01 (p = 0.021), respectively. For the correlation between slopes, our study found that females’ cognition scores were more susceptible to social isolation (β = − 2.78, p < 0.001). Similarly, regarding cognition scores, the influence of social isolation was greater among people with education below the primary level (β = − 2.89, p = 0.002) or a greater number of chronic diseases (β = − 2.56, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the bidirectional association between social isolation and cognition. Specifically, higher baseline social isolation and its rate of increase over time contribute to an intensification of cognitive decline at follow-up. Besides, poorer cognitive performance predicted higher social isolation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16274-7. BioMed Central 2023-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10362697/ /pubmed/37481576 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16274-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Duan, Yanran
Jiang, Shuai
Yin, Zhao
Wang, Sufan
Gao, Jinghong
Yang, Mengyu
Chen, Changying
Fu, Hang
Wang, Chengzeng
Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
title Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
title_full Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
title_fullStr Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
title_full_unstemmed Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
title_short Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
title_sort association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481576
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16274-7
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