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Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests an association between pro-inflammatory diets and cognitive function. However, only a few studies based on small sample sizes have explored the association between pro-inflammatory diets and dementia using the dietary inflammatory index (DII). Additionally, t...

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Autores principales: Shi, Yisen, Lin, Fabin, Li, Yueping, Wang, Yingqing, Chen, Xiaochun, Meng, Fangang, Ye, Qinyong, Cai, Guoen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37480061
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02940-5
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author Shi, Yisen
Lin, Fabin
Li, Yueping
Wang, Yingqing
Chen, Xiaochun
Meng, Fangang
Ye, Qinyong
Cai, Guoen
author_facet Shi, Yisen
Lin, Fabin
Li, Yueping
Wang, Yingqing
Chen, Xiaochun
Meng, Fangang
Ye, Qinyong
Cai, Guoen
author_sort Shi, Yisen
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests an association between pro-inflammatory diets and cognitive function. However, only a few studies based on small sample sizes have explored the association between pro-inflammatory diets and dementia using the dietary inflammatory index (DII). Additionally, the relationship between DII and different subtypes of dementia, such as Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia, remains largely unexplored. Given the changes in brain structure already observed in patients with dementia, we also investigated the association between DII and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure to provide some hints to elucidate the potential mechanisms between pro-inflammatory diet and cognitive decline. METHODS: A total of 166,377 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline were analyzed. DII calculations were based on the information collected by the 24-h recall questionnaire. Brain structural anatomy and tissue-specific volumes were measured using brain MRI. Cox proportional hazards models, competing risk models, and restricted cubic spline were applied to assess the longitudinal associations. The generalized linear model was used to assess the association between DII and MRI measurements. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 9.46 years, a total of 1372 participants developed dementia. The incidence of all-cause dementia increased by 4.6% for each additional unit of DII [hazard ratio (HR): 1.046]. Besides, DII displayed a “J-shaped” non-linear association with Alzheimer’s dementia (P(nonlinear) = 0.003). When DII was above 1.30, an increase in DII was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s dementia (HR: 1.391, 95%CI: 1.085–1.784, P = 0.009). For brain MRI, the total volume of white matter hyperintensities increased with an increase in DII, whereas the volume of gray matter in the hippocampus decreased. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, higher DII was associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s dementia. However, our findings suggested that the association with DII and vascular and frontotemporal dementia was not significant. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12916-023-02940-5.
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spelling pubmed-103627112023-07-23 Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants Shi, Yisen Lin, Fabin Li, Yueping Wang, Yingqing Chen, Xiaochun Meng, Fangang Ye, Qinyong Cai, Guoen BMC Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests an association between pro-inflammatory diets and cognitive function. However, only a few studies based on small sample sizes have explored the association between pro-inflammatory diets and dementia using the dietary inflammatory index (DII). Additionally, the relationship between DII and different subtypes of dementia, such as Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia, remains largely unexplored. Given the changes in brain structure already observed in patients with dementia, we also investigated the association between DII and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure to provide some hints to elucidate the potential mechanisms between pro-inflammatory diet and cognitive decline. METHODS: A total of 166,377 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline were analyzed. DII calculations were based on the information collected by the 24-h recall questionnaire. Brain structural anatomy and tissue-specific volumes were measured using brain MRI. Cox proportional hazards models, competing risk models, and restricted cubic spline were applied to assess the longitudinal associations. The generalized linear model was used to assess the association between DII and MRI measurements. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 9.46 years, a total of 1372 participants developed dementia. The incidence of all-cause dementia increased by 4.6% for each additional unit of DII [hazard ratio (HR): 1.046]. Besides, DII displayed a “J-shaped” non-linear association with Alzheimer’s dementia (P(nonlinear) = 0.003). When DII was above 1.30, an increase in DII was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s dementia (HR: 1.391, 95%CI: 1.085–1.784, P = 0.009). For brain MRI, the total volume of white matter hyperintensities increased with an increase in DII, whereas the volume of gray matter in the hippocampus decreased. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, higher DII was associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s dementia. However, our findings suggested that the association with DII and vascular and frontotemporal dementia was not significant. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12916-023-02940-5. BioMed Central 2023-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10362711/ /pubmed/37480061 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02940-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Shi, Yisen
Lin, Fabin
Li, Yueping
Wang, Yingqing
Chen, Xiaochun
Meng, Fangang
Ye, Qinyong
Cai, Guoen
Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants
title Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants
title_full Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants
title_fullStr Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants
title_full_unstemmed Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants
title_short Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants
title_sort association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 uk biobank participants
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37480061
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02940-5
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