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Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with a high prevalence rate and is an established risk factor for human health. Body mass index (BMI) is a common and primary indicator used in assessing obesity. This work aims to investigate the putative causal relationship among BMI, sex hormone-binding gl...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362853/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37483981 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15760 |
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author | Wan, Bangbei Ma, Ning Zhou, Zhi Lv, Cai |
author_facet | Wan, Bangbei Ma, Ning Zhou, Zhi Lv, Cai |
author_sort | Wan, Bangbei |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with a high prevalence rate and is an established risk factor for human health. Body mass index (BMI) is a common and primary indicator used in assessing obesity. This work aims to investigate the putative causal relationship among BMI, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and estradiol levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol as instrumental variables. All SNPs were identified from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of large sample studies recruiting more than 150,000 European adult male individuals. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach was used as a primary algorithm for putative causal estimation. RESULTS: Genetically predicted elevated BMI was associated with decreased SHBG (IVW, β = −0.103, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.113 to −0.092], P = 1.50 × 10(−77)) and BioT levels (IVW, β = −0.139, 95% CI [−0.165 to −0.113], P = 9.54 × 10(−26)) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.014, 95% CI [0.009–0.019], P = 2.19 × 10(−7)). Increased SHBG levels were causally associated with low BMI (IVW, β = −0.051, 95% CI [−0.098 to −0.005], P = 0.030) and BioT (IVW, β = −0.126, 95% CI [−0.175 to −0.077], P = 5.97 × 10(−7)) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.046, 95% CI [0.035–0.056], P = 6.51 × 10(−17)). Conversely, no evidence of an effect of estradiol imbalance on SHBG levels (IVW, β = 1.035, 95% CI [−0.854 to 2.926], P = 0.283) and BMI (IVW, β = 0.091, 95% CI [−0.094 to 0.276], P = 0.336) was obtained. However, increased BioT levels were causally associated with lower SHBG levels (IVW, β = −0.044, 95% CI [−0.061 to −0.026], P = 8.76 × 10(−7)), not BMI (IVW, β = −0.006, 95% CI [−0.035 to 0.023], P = 0.679). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a network putative causal relationship among BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol. SHBG, BioT, and estradiol may partly mediate the effect of obesity on male health. Reasonably modulating BioT and estradiol, especially SHBG, facilitated the attenuation of the harmful effects of obesity on male health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10362853 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103628532023-07-23 Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study Wan, Bangbei Ma, Ning Zhou, Zhi Lv, Cai PeerJ Bioinformatics BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with a high prevalence rate and is an established risk factor for human health. Body mass index (BMI) is a common and primary indicator used in assessing obesity. This work aims to investigate the putative causal relationship among BMI, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and estradiol levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol as instrumental variables. All SNPs were identified from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of large sample studies recruiting more than 150,000 European adult male individuals. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach was used as a primary algorithm for putative causal estimation. RESULTS: Genetically predicted elevated BMI was associated with decreased SHBG (IVW, β = −0.103, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.113 to −0.092], P = 1.50 × 10(−77)) and BioT levels (IVW, β = −0.139, 95% CI [−0.165 to −0.113], P = 9.54 × 10(−26)) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.014, 95% CI [0.009–0.019], P = 2.19 × 10(−7)). Increased SHBG levels were causally associated with low BMI (IVW, β = −0.051, 95% CI [−0.098 to −0.005], P = 0.030) and BioT (IVW, β = −0.126, 95% CI [−0.175 to −0.077], P = 5.97 × 10(−7)) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.046, 95% CI [0.035–0.056], P = 6.51 × 10(−17)). Conversely, no evidence of an effect of estradiol imbalance on SHBG levels (IVW, β = 1.035, 95% CI [−0.854 to 2.926], P = 0.283) and BMI (IVW, β = 0.091, 95% CI [−0.094 to 0.276], P = 0.336) was obtained. However, increased BioT levels were causally associated with lower SHBG levels (IVW, β = −0.044, 95% CI [−0.061 to −0.026], P = 8.76 × 10(−7)), not BMI (IVW, β = −0.006, 95% CI [−0.035 to 0.023], P = 0.679). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a network putative causal relationship among BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol. SHBG, BioT, and estradiol may partly mediate the effect of obesity on male health. Reasonably modulating BioT and estradiol, especially SHBG, facilitated the attenuation of the harmful effects of obesity on male health. PeerJ Inc. 2023-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10362853/ /pubmed/37483981 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15760 Text en © 2023 Wan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Bioinformatics Wan, Bangbei Ma, Ning Zhou, Zhi Lv, Cai Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
title | Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
title_full | Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
title_fullStr | Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
title_full_unstemmed | Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
title_short | Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
title_sort | putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study |
topic | Bioinformatics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362853/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37483981 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15760 |
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