Miotonía congénita. Incidencia y presentación de una serie de casos

INTRODUCTION. Myotonia congenita is the most common form of genetic myotonia and is caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene. It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner. We present a series of cases to update its incidence in our environment, to describe its phenotype in relation to the genotype found, and we also review the mutations found, among which we provide a new, undescribed alteration. CASES REPORT. The medical records of patients with a diagnosis of congenital myotonia studied and followed up in the pediatric neurology section in a tertiary hospital between the years 2015-2020 were reviewed. Demographic variables (age, sex), disease course (age of onset, symptoms and signs, time elapsed until diagnosis, clinical evolution), family history and evaluation of response to treatment were collected. Five cases with a clinical diagnosis of myotonia congenita were identified (three with Becker’s disease and two with Thomsen’s disease). The incidence in relation to the number of births is estimated at 1:15,000 newborns for cases with the Becker phenotype and 1:21,000 newborns for the Thomsen phenotypes. We found a probably pathogenic mutation not previously described (CLCN1: c.824T> C). CONCLUSIONS. the approximate incidence in our environment was higher than previously known and we describe a new, undescribed mutation: c.824T> C with pathogenicity predictors that behaved like a Becker recessive phenotype but with an earlier debut.