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Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon

We trialed strategies to reach semi-nomadic population with interventions targeting onchocerciasis including a combination of community knowledge and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology; nomad-specific sensitization; and mobile outreach. The interventions included ivermectin (ivm) mass...

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Autores principales: Nditanchou, Rogers, Dixon, Ruth, Atekem, Kareen, Biholong, Benjamin, Wilhelm, Aude, Selby, Richard, Oye, Joseph, Kamgno, Joseph, Boakye, Daniel, Schmidt, Elena, Senyonjo, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10365309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37437096
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011463
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author Nditanchou, Rogers
Dixon, Ruth
Atekem, Kareen
Biholong, Benjamin
Wilhelm, Aude
Selby, Richard
Oye, Joseph
Kamgno, Joseph
Boakye, Daniel
Schmidt, Elena
Senyonjo, Laura
author_facet Nditanchou, Rogers
Dixon, Ruth
Atekem, Kareen
Biholong, Benjamin
Wilhelm, Aude
Selby, Richard
Oye, Joseph
Kamgno, Joseph
Boakye, Daniel
Schmidt, Elena
Senyonjo, Laura
author_sort Nditanchou, Rogers
collection PubMed
description We trialed strategies to reach semi-nomadic population with interventions targeting onchocerciasis including a combination of community knowledge and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology; nomad-specific sensitization; and mobile outreach. The interventions included ivermectin (ivm) mass drug administration (MDA) and treating infected individuals (found upon skin snip microscopy test) with doxycycline for 35 days. Microscopy-negative snips were further tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). After 8 months, individuals immigrating or emigrating constituted 47% of the initial population; 59% of individuals not born in the area have immigrated during the last five years; 28% (age>9) reportedly never taken ivm; 72% (compared to 51% previously) of eligible population (age ≥ 5 years) took ivm; and 47% (age > 8, not pregnant, not breastfeeding, not severely ill,) participated in the test. A high prevalence of onchocerciasis,15.1%, was found upon microscopy & PCR test; 9/10 tested by skin snip microscopy and PCR at follow-up were all negative. Microfilaria prevalence and intensity upon skin snip microscopy reduced significantly from baseline following the intervention (8.9% to 4.1%, p = 0.032; 0.18 to 0.16, p = 0.013, respectively). The strategies considerably increased reach to nomadic camps. Treating with doxycycline in combination with ivm is feasible and has led to a significant reduction in infection level within one year among the semi-nomads. Being potentially curative in one intervention round, this combination should be considered for population group faced with challenges of achieving adequate coverage and adhesion to ivm MDA over prolonged period (>10 years).
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spelling pubmed-103653092023-07-25 Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon Nditanchou, Rogers Dixon, Ruth Atekem, Kareen Biholong, Benjamin Wilhelm, Aude Selby, Richard Oye, Joseph Kamgno, Joseph Boakye, Daniel Schmidt, Elena Senyonjo, Laura PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article We trialed strategies to reach semi-nomadic population with interventions targeting onchocerciasis including a combination of community knowledge and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology; nomad-specific sensitization; and mobile outreach. The interventions included ivermectin (ivm) mass drug administration (MDA) and treating infected individuals (found upon skin snip microscopy test) with doxycycline for 35 days. Microscopy-negative snips were further tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). After 8 months, individuals immigrating or emigrating constituted 47% of the initial population; 59% of individuals not born in the area have immigrated during the last five years; 28% (age>9) reportedly never taken ivm; 72% (compared to 51% previously) of eligible population (age ≥ 5 years) took ivm; and 47% (age > 8, not pregnant, not breastfeeding, not severely ill,) participated in the test. A high prevalence of onchocerciasis,15.1%, was found upon microscopy & PCR test; 9/10 tested by skin snip microscopy and PCR at follow-up were all negative. Microfilaria prevalence and intensity upon skin snip microscopy reduced significantly from baseline following the intervention (8.9% to 4.1%, p = 0.032; 0.18 to 0.16, p = 0.013, respectively). The strategies considerably increased reach to nomadic camps. Treating with doxycycline in combination with ivm is feasible and has led to a significant reduction in infection level within one year among the semi-nomads. Being potentially curative in one intervention round, this combination should be considered for population group faced with challenges of achieving adequate coverage and adhesion to ivm MDA over prolonged period (>10 years). Public Library of Science 2023-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10365309/ /pubmed/37437096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011463 Text en © 2023 Nditanchou et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nditanchou, Rogers
Dixon, Ruth
Atekem, Kareen
Biholong, Benjamin
Wilhelm, Aude
Selby, Richard
Oye, Joseph
Kamgno, Joseph
Boakye, Daniel
Schmidt, Elena
Senyonjo, Laura
Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon
title Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon
title_full Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon
title_fullStr Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon
title_full_unstemmed Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon
title_short Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon
title_sort ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against onchocerciasis: adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in massangam health district, cameroon
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10365309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37437096
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011463
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