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Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria

Social restriction measures (SRM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in time spent outdoors (TSO). The aim of this study was to describe TSO and evaluate its association with sleep outcomes, optimism, happiness and health-status before and during SRM. Two online surveys were...

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Autores principales: Schamilow, Simon, Santonja, Isabel, Weitzer, Jakob, Strohmaier, Susanne, Klösch, Gerhard, Seidel, Stefan, Schernhammer, Eva, Papantoniou, Kyriaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10366917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37489436
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030027
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author Schamilow, Simon
Santonja, Isabel
Weitzer, Jakob
Strohmaier, Susanne
Klösch, Gerhard
Seidel, Stefan
Schernhammer, Eva
Papantoniou, Kyriaki
author_facet Schamilow, Simon
Santonja, Isabel
Weitzer, Jakob
Strohmaier, Susanne
Klösch, Gerhard
Seidel, Stefan
Schernhammer, Eva
Papantoniou, Kyriaki
author_sort Schamilow, Simon
collection PubMed
description Social restriction measures (SRM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in time spent outdoors (TSO). The aim of this study was to describe TSO and evaluate its association with sleep outcomes, optimism, happiness and health-status before and during SRM. Two online surveys were conducted in 2017 (N = 1004) and 2020, during SRM (N = 1010), in samples representative of the age, sex and region of the Austrian population. Information on the duration of TSO, sleep, optimism, happiness and health-status was collected. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to study the association of TSO with chronic insomnia, short sleep, late chronotype, optimism, happiness and self-rated health-status. The mean TSO was 3.6 h (SD: 2.18) in 2017 and 2.6 h (SD: 1.87) during times of SRM. Men and participants who were older, married or in a partnership and lived in a rural area reported longer TSO. Participants who spent less time outdoors were more likely to report short sleep or a late chronotype in both surveys and, in 2020, also chronic insomnia. Less TSO was associated with lower happiness and optimism levels and poor health-status. Our findings suggest that TSO may be a protective factor for sleep, mood and health, particularly during stressful and uncertain times.
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spelling pubmed-103669172023-07-26 Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria Schamilow, Simon Santonja, Isabel Weitzer, Jakob Strohmaier, Susanne Klösch, Gerhard Seidel, Stefan Schernhammer, Eva Papantoniou, Kyriaki Clocks Sleep Article Social restriction measures (SRM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in time spent outdoors (TSO). The aim of this study was to describe TSO and evaluate its association with sleep outcomes, optimism, happiness and health-status before and during SRM. Two online surveys were conducted in 2017 (N = 1004) and 2020, during SRM (N = 1010), in samples representative of the age, sex and region of the Austrian population. Information on the duration of TSO, sleep, optimism, happiness and health-status was collected. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to study the association of TSO with chronic insomnia, short sleep, late chronotype, optimism, happiness and self-rated health-status. The mean TSO was 3.6 h (SD: 2.18) in 2017 and 2.6 h (SD: 1.87) during times of SRM. Men and participants who were older, married or in a partnership and lived in a rural area reported longer TSO. Participants who spent less time outdoors were more likely to report short sleep or a late chronotype in both surveys and, in 2020, also chronic insomnia. Less TSO was associated with lower happiness and optimism levels and poor health-status. Our findings suggest that TSO may be a protective factor for sleep, mood and health, particularly during stressful and uncertain times. MDPI 2023-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10366917/ /pubmed/37489436 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030027 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Schamilow, Simon
Santonja, Isabel
Weitzer, Jakob
Strohmaier, Susanne
Klösch, Gerhard
Seidel, Stefan
Schernhammer, Eva
Papantoniou, Kyriaki
Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
title Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
title_full Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
title_fullStr Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
title_full_unstemmed Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
title_short Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
title_sort time spent outdoors and associations with sleep, optimism, happiness and health before and during the covid-19 pandemic in austria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10366917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37489436
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030027
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