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Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]

Imaging non-invasively into the human body is currently limited by cost (MRI and CT scan), image resolution (ultrasound), exposure to ionising radiation (CT scan and X-ray), and the requirement for exogenous contrast agents (CT scan and PET scan). Optical imaging has the potential to overcome all th...

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Autores principales: Setchfield, Kerry, Gorman, Alistair, Simpson, A. Hamish R. W., Somekh, Michael G., Wright, Amanda J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Optica Publishing Group 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37497524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.493588
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author Setchfield, Kerry
Gorman, Alistair
Simpson, A. Hamish R. W.
Somekh, Michael G.
Wright, Amanda J.
author_facet Setchfield, Kerry
Gorman, Alistair
Simpson, A. Hamish R. W.
Somekh, Michael G.
Wright, Amanda J.
author_sort Setchfield, Kerry
collection PubMed
description Imaging non-invasively into the human body is currently limited by cost (MRI and CT scan), image resolution (ultrasound), exposure to ionising radiation (CT scan and X-ray), and the requirement for exogenous contrast agents (CT scan and PET scan). Optical imaging has the potential to overcome all these issues but is currently limited by imaging depth due to the scattering and absorption properties of human tissue. Skin is the first barrier encountered by light when imaging non-invasively, and therefore a clear understanding of the way that light interacts with skin is required for progress on optical medical imaging to be made. Here we present a thorough review of the optical properties of human skin measured in-vivo and compare these to the previously collated ex-vivo measurements. Both in-vivo and ex-vivo published data show high inter- and intra-publication variability making definitive answers regarding optical properties at given wavelengths challenging. Overall, variability is highest for ex-vivo absorption measurements with differences of up to 77-fold compared with 9.6-fold for the in-vivo absorption case. The impact of this variation on optical penetration depth and transport mean free path is presented and potential causes of these inconsistencies are discussed. We propose a set of experimental controls and reporting requirements for future measurements. We conclude that a robust in-vivo dataset, measured across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, is required for the development of future technologies that significantly increase the depth of optical imaging.
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spelling pubmed-103680382023-07-26 Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] Setchfield, Kerry Gorman, Alistair Simpson, A. Hamish R. W. Somekh, Michael G. Wright, Amanda J. Biomed Opt Express Article Imaging non-invasively into the human body is currently limited by cost (MRI and CT scan), image resolution (ultrasound), exposure to ionising radiation (CT scan and X-ray), and the requirement for exogenous contrast agents (CT scan and PET scan). Optical imaging has the potential to overcome all these issues but is currently limited by imaging depth due to the scattering and absorption properties of human tissue. Skin is the first barrier encountered by light when imaging non-invasively, and therefore a clear understanding of the way that light interacts with skin is required for progress on optical medical imaging to be made. Here we present a thorough review of the optical properties of human skin measured in-vivo and compare these to the previously collated ex-vivo measurements. Both in-vivo and ex-vivo published data show high inter- and intra-publication variability making definitive answers regarding optical properties at given wavelengths challenging. Overall, variability is highest for ex-vivo absorption measurements with differences of up to 77-fold compared with 9.6-fold for the in-vivo absorption case. The impact of this variation on optical penetration depth and transport mean free path is presented and potential causes of these inconsistencies are discussed. We propose a set of experimental controls and reporting requirements for future measurements. We conclude that a robust in-vivo dataset, measured across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, is required for the development of future technologies that significantly increase the depth of optical imaging. Optica Publishing Group 2023-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10368038/ /pubmed/37497524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.493588 Text en Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Setchfield, Kerry
Gorman, Alistair
Simpson, A. Hamish R. W.
Somekh, Michael G.
Wright, Amanda J.
Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]
title Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]
title_full Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]
title_fullStr Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]
title_full_unstemmed Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]
title_short Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited]
title_sort relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [invited]
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37497524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.493588
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