Simulation-Based Education in the Artificial Intelligence Era

Simulation-based medical education (SBME) has been widely implemented in skill training in various clinical specialties. SBME has contributed not only to patient and medical safety but also to undergraduate and specialist education in the healthcare field. In this review, we discuss the challenges and future directions of SBME in the artificial intelligence (AI) era. While SBME fidelity or methods may become highly complicated in the AI era, the fact is that learners play a central role. As SBME and clinical education are complementary, mutual feedback and improvement are essential, especially in non-technical skill development. For the development of sustainable SBME in the clinical field in the AI era, continuous improvement is needed by academia, educators, and learners.