Investigation of bimodal characteristics of the droplet size distribution in condensation spray

To understand the generation process of airborne droplets during exhalation, this study investigates the mechanism of bimodal characteristics of the size distribution of droplets generated in a condensed spray flow. The phase change process in the condensed spray flow was estimated based on the droplet size distribution measured by a phase Doppler particle analyzer and the temperature distribution measured by a thermistor. On the central axis, the size distribution was unimodal in the spray interior. In contrast, bimodality of the size distribution at the outer edge of the spray flow was observed. At the edge of the spray flow, a large temperature gradient was formed. This indicates that condensation actively occurred at the outer edge. For the same reason as outlined above, condensation did not progress at the spray center because of the consumption of water vapor at the outer edge by the condensation, and the droplet diameter did not change significantly. Hence, owing to the difference in the local phase change process between the center and outer edge of the spray, large and small droplets can exist simultaneously in the middle region. As a result, the size distribution of the condensation spray is bimodal.