Efectividad de mepolizumab y benralizumab en una cohorte de pacientes con asma grave eosinofílico en vida real

INTRODUCTION: Mepolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits circulating interleukin 5 (IL-5). Benralizumab binds to the alpha subunit of the IL-5 receptor, inducing the direct elimination of eosinophils and basophils. The aim of this study was to evaluate their effectiveness in our routine clinical practice. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab and benralizumab for at least 6 months, and followed up in the asthma unit. RESULTS: We analyzed 25 patients who received mepolizumab and 13 who received benralizumab, 73.7% of whom were followed up for 12 months (10 months for benralizumab and 18 for mepolizumab). After biological treatment, there was a 71% reduction in the number of admissions (p = .0027) and a 66% reduction (p = .0013) in emergency visits. A reduction in corticosteroid use was recorded: 31 cycles of corticosteroids compared to 15 after biological treatment, representing a decrease of 52% (p = .0069). Asthma control measured by the Asthma Control Test was 10.8 (SD: 4.73) vs. 20.3 (SD: 4.77), (p = .001) and FEV(1)% was 70.6% (SD: 21.5) vs. 76.2% (SD: 27.2), (p = .0437). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of anti-IL-5 drugs in real life was confirmed, with improvements in exacerbations, asthma control and lung function.