Fluctuaciones nocturnas de presión arterial en el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño

OBJECTIVE: Patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and episodes of increased systolic pressure during sleep, with and without arterial hypertension, and HT as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk, were studied in a prospective study. The objective of our study was to demonstrate that patients with increased systolic pressure during sleep who also had arterial hypertension had a higher cardiovascular risk than non-hypertensive patients. METHODS: We analyzed various biometric (muscle mass index, baseline blood pressure) and polysomnographic parameters, including AHI (apnea-hypopnea index/hour), O2 desaturation index/hour, arousal index, baseline and minimum O2 saturation and the proportion of different sleep phases, together with comorbidities and associated treatments in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (64 with arterial hypertension and 38 non-hypertensive patients) with episodes of increased systolic blood pressure during sleep during polysomnographic studies conducted between 2013 and 2017 and in 2020. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the different parameters between study groups. Patients in both groups developed comorbidities in the follow-up period, more frequently in the hypertensive group, and required new treatments, especially the group of patients with HT. CONCLUSION: Episodes of increased systolic pressure during sleep suggest an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with sleep apnea syndrome and arterial hypertension in terms of associated comorbidities. However, in non-hypertensive patients, episodes of increased systolic pressure may also be associated with a higher risk of vascular comorbidities (higher than the risk associated with isolated obstructive sleep apneas).