MEntA Program Based on Motivational Interview to Improve Adherence to Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): A Randomized Controlled Trial

INTRODUCTION: The first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea is (OSA) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which achieves a high level of efficacy with continuous use. However, daily application of this therapy requires a motivated patient profile, as lack of adherence is the main problem with this therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether an educational and training program based on motivational interviewing and proper feedback, improved adherence. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, single-center trial design was performed. The interventions were standard of care vs MEntA Program based on motivational interview for adherence. The main outcome was the adherence with the CPAP therapy after 90 days of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the motivation, perceived competence, quality of life, sleepiness, emotional state, activities and social relations. RESULTS: For adherence, statistically significant results were obtained in favor of the interventional arm with the MEntA (p < 0.01), with a mean difference of 1.60 h (95% CI, 0.60 to 2.61). The Questionnaire of Evaluation of Perceived Competence in Adherence to CPAP in OSA show also a statistically significant change in favor of the MEntA intervention with a mean difference of 4.61 (95% CI, 3.49 to 5.72) (p < 0.001), as well as quality of life p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The MEntA intervention included as part of an educational and training program for patients with OSA with CPAP therapy shows solid results in terms of its efficacy.