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Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012
BACKGROUND: Moderate caffeine intake decreases the risk of metabolic disorders and all-cause mortality, and the mechanism may be related to its ergogenic actions. Thyroid hormones are vital in metabolic homeostasis; however, their association with caffeine intake has rarely been explored. OBJECTIVE:...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10369722/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37491267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00866-5 |
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author | Zheng, Jiaping Zhu, Xinyan Xu, Guiqing Wang, Xingchen Cao, Mengyang Zhu, Shusen Huang, Rui Zhou, Yu |
author_facet | Zheng, Jiaping Zhu, Xinyan Xu, Guiqing Wang, Xingchen Cao, Mengyang Zhu, Shusen Huang, Rui Zhou, Yu |
author_sort | Zheng, Jiaping |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Moderate caffeine intake decreases the risk of metabolic disorders and all-cause mortality, and the mechanism may be related to its ergogenic actions. Thyroid hormones are vital in metabolic homeostasis; however, their association with caffeine intake has rarely been explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between caffeine intake and thyroid function. METHODS: We collected data on demographic background, medical conditions, dietary intake, and thyroid function from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Subgroups were classified using two-step cluster analysis, with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CVD) being used for clustering. Restrictive cubic spline analysis was employed to investigate potential nonlinear correlations, and multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between caffeine consumption and thyroid function. RESULTS: A total of 2,582 participants were included, and three subgroups with different metabolic features were clustered. In the most metabolically unhealthy group, with the oldest age, highest BMI, and more cases of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and CVD, there was a nonlinear relationship between caffeine intake and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. After adjusting for age, sex, race, drinking, smoking, medical conditions, and micronutrient and macronutrient intake, caffeine intake of less than 9.97 mg/d was positively associated with serum TSH (p = 0.035, standardized β = 0.155); however, moderate caffeine consumption (9.97–264.97 mg/d) indicated a negative association (p = 0.001, standardized β = − 0.152). CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine consumption had a nonlinear relationship with serum TSH in people with metabolic disorders, and moderate caffeine intake (9.97 ~ 264.97 mg/d) was positively associated with serum TSH. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-023-00866-5. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10369722 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103697222023-07-27 Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 Zheng, Jiaping Zhu, Xinyan Xu, Guiqing Wang, Xingchen Cao, Mengyang Zhu, Shusen Huang, Rui Zhou, Yu Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Moderate caffeine intake decreases the risk of metabolic disorders and all-cause mortality, and the mechanism may be related to its ergogenic actions. Thyroid hormones are vital in metabolic homeostasis; however, their association with caffeine intake has rarely been explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between caffeine intake and thyroid function. METHODS: We collected data on demographic background, medical conditions, dietary intake, and thyroid function from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Subgroups were classified using two-step cluster analysis, with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CVD) being used for clustering. Restrictive cubic spline analysis was employed to investigate potential nonlinear correlations, and multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between caffeine consumption and thyroid function. RESULTS: A total of 2,582 participants were included, and three subgroups with different metabolic features were clustered. In the most metabolically unhealthy group, with the oldest age, highest BMI, and more cases of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and CVD, there was a nonlinear relationship between caffeine intake and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. After adjusting for age, sex, race, drinking, smoking, medical conditions, and micronutrient and macronutrient intake, caffeine intake of less than 9.97 mg/d was positively associated with serum TSH (p = 0.035, standardized β = 0.155); however, moderate caffeine consumption (9.97–264.97 mg/d) indicated a negative association (p = 0.001, standardized β = − 0.152). CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine consumption had a nonlinear relationship with serum TSH in people with metabolic disorders, and moderate caffeine intake (9.97 ~ 264.97 mg/d) was positively associated with serum TSH. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-023-00866-5. BioMed Central 2023-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10369722/ /pubmed/37491267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00866-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Zheng, Jiaping Zhu, Xinyan Xu, Guiqing Wang, Xingchen Cao, Mengyang Zhu, Shusen Huang, Rui Zhou, Yu Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 |
title | Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 |
title_full | Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 |
title_fullStr | Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 |
title_short | Relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from NHANES 2007–2012 |
title_sort | relationship between caffeine intake and thyroid function: results from nhanes 2007–2012 |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10369722/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37491267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00866-5 |
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