Left-ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from cardiac ECG-gated (15)O-water positron emission tomography compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using simultaneous hybrid PET/MR

BACKGROUND: (15)O-water PET is the gold standard for noninvasive quantification of myocardial blood flow. In addition to evaluation of ischemia, the assessment of cardiac function and remodeling is important in all cardiac diseases. However, since (15)O-water is freely diffusible and standard uptake images show little contrast between the myocardium and blood pool, the assessment of left-ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is challenging. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of calculating LV volumes and EF from first-pass analysis of (15)O-water PET, by comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) using a hybrid PET/MR scanner. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with known or suspected CAD underwent a simultaneous ECG-gated cardiac PET/MR scan. The (15)O-water first-pass images (0-50 seconds) were analyzed using the CarPET software and the CMR images were analyzed using the software Segment, for LV volumes and EF calculations. The LV volumes and EF were compared using correlation and Bland–Altman analysis. In addition, inter- and intra-observer variability of LV volumes and EF were assessed for both modalities. RESULTS: The correlation between PET and CMR was strong for volumes (r > 0.84) and moderate for EF (r = 0.52), where the moderate correlation for EF was partly due to the small range of EF values. Agreement was high for all parameters, with a slight overestimation of PET values for end-diastolic volume but with no significant mean bias for other parameters. Inter- and intra-observer agreement of volumes was high and comparable between PET and CMR. For EF, inter-observer agreement was higher for PET and intra-observer agreement was higher for CMR. CONCLUSION: LV volumes and EF can be calculated by first-pass analysis of a (15)O-water PET scan with high accuracy and comparable precision as with CMR. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12350-022-03154-7.