Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine R&D investment: financial assessment of vaccine development and administration in India

The present study assessed the financial viability of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine Research & Development (R&D) investment in India and the Gross Technology Revenue (GTR) accrual to the different stakeholders. The Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of PPR vaccine development and administration were USD 16,326.6 million (INR 130,612 crore), USD 18,454.2 million (INR 147,633 crore) and USD 21,645.6 million (INR 173,164 crore); 162.2%, 167.6% and 169.7% and 43.3:1, 48.8:1 and 57.1:1, respectively under low, medium and high disease incidence scenarios. The estimated cumulative GTR accrued during 2001–02 to 2017–18 by the innovating public research institutions (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI) and Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS)), private vaccine producers, public sector biologicals and government revenues in terms of taxes was USD 0.696 million (INR 5.568 crore) for ICAR-IVRI and USD 0.033 million (INR 0.26 crore) for TANUVAS; USD 5.00 million (INR 40 crore); USD 7.141 million (INR 57.1 crore) and USD 0.671 million (INR 5.36 crore), respectively. Overall, financial benefits of PPR vaccine development and administration to control PPR in India outweighs the investment in manifolds.