The role of long noncoding RNA H19 in gynecological pathologies: Insights into gene regulation and immune modulation (Review)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of versatile molecules that exhibit the potential to regulate gene expression at various levels, namely transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic, thereby influencing critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and drug resistance. The lncRNA H19, among the earliest identified within this category, has emerged as a significant participant in the pathogenesis of a multitude of both malignant and benign gynecological diseases. An escalating body of evidence indicates a functionally pertinent network of lncRNA H19 coexpression linked with the extracellular matrix architecture and immune microenvironment during cancer progression. This association may provide insightful leads for the selection of innovative diagnostic biomarkers and assist in the delineation of potent pharmaceutical targets for gynecological oncology. The present comprehensive review presented a synthesis of the expression profiles and multifaceted implications of lncRNA H19 across a spectrum of gynecological pathologies.