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Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals

Animals have been widely utilized as surrogate models for humans in exposure testing, infectious disease experiments, and immunology studies. However, respiratory diseases affect both humans and animals. These disorders can spontaneously affect wild and domestic animals, impacting their quality and...

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Autores principales: Xi, Jinxiang, Si, Xiuhua April, Malvè, Mauro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520001
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1172140
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author Xi, Jinxiang
Si, Xiuhua April
Malvè, Mauro
author_facet Xi, Jinxiang
Si, Xiuhua April
Malvè, Mauro
author_sort Xi, Jinxiang
collection PubMed
description Animals have been widely utilized as surrogate models for humans in exposure testing, infectious disease experiments, and immunology studies. However, respiratory diseases affect both humans and animals. These disorders can spontaneously affect wild and domestic animals, impacting their quality and quantity of life. The origin of such responses can primarily be traced back to the pathogens deposited in the respiratory tract. There is a lack of understanding of the transport and deposition of respirable particulate matter (bio-aerosols or viruses) in either wild or domestic animals. Moreover, local dosimetry is more relevant than the total or regionally averaged doses in assessing exposure risks or therapeutic outcomes. An accurate prediction of the total and local dosimetry is the crucial first step to quantifying the dose-response relationship, which in turn necessitates detailed knowledge of animals’ respiratory tract and flow/aerosol dynamics within it. In this review, we examined the nasal anatomy and physiology (i.e., structure-function relationship) of different animals, including the dog, rat, rabbit, deer, rhombus monkey, cat, and other domestic and wild animals. Special attention was paid to the similarities and differences in the vestibular, respiratory, and olfactory regions among different species. The ventilation airflow and behaviors of inhaled aerosols were described as pertinent to the animals’ mechanisms for ventilation modulation and olfaction enhancement. In particular, sniffing, a breathing maneuver that animals often practice enhancing olfaction, was examined in detail in different animals. Animal models used in COVID-19 research were discussed. The advances and challenges of using numerical modeling in place of animal studies were discussed. The application of this technique in animals is relevant for bidirectional improvements in animal and human health.
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spelling pubmed-103752972023-07-29 Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals Xi, Jinxiang Si, Xiuhua April Malvè, Mauro Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Animals have been widely utilized as surrogate models for humans in exposure testing, infectious disease experiments, and immunology studies. However, respiratory diseases affect both humans and animals. These disorders can spontaneously affect wild and domestic animals, impacting their quality and quantity of life. The origin of such responses can primarily be traced back to the pathogens deposited in the respiratory tract. There is a lack of understanding of the transport and deposition of respirable particulate matter (bio-aerosols or viruses) in either wild or domestic animals. Moreover, local dosimetry is more relevant than the total or regionally averaged doses in assessing exposure risks or therapeutic outcomes. An accurate prediction of the total and local dosimetry is the crucial first step to quantifying the dose-response relationship, which in turn necessitates detailed knowledge of animals’ respiratory tract and flow/aerosol dynamics within it. In this review, we examined the nasal anatomy and physiology (i.e., structure-function relationship) of different animals, including the dog, rat, rabbit, deer, rhombus monkey, cat, and other domestic and wild animals. Special attention was paid to the similarities and differences in the vestibular, respiratory, and olfactory regions among different species. The ventilation airflow and behaviors of inhaled aerosols were described as pertinent to the animals’ mechanisms for ventilation modulation and olfaction enhancement. In particular, sniffing, a breathing maneuver that animals often practice enhancing olfaction, was examined in detail in different animals. Animal models used in COVID-19 research were discussed. The advances and challenges of using numerical modeling in place of animal studies were discussed. The application of this technique in animals is relevant for bidirectional improvements in animal and human health. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10375297/ /pubmed/37520001 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1172140 Text en Copyright © 2023 Xi, Si and Malvè. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Xi, Jinxiang
Si, Xiuhua April
Malvè, Mauro
Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
title Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
title_full Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
title_fullStr Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
title_full_unstemmed Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
title_short Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
title_sort nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520001
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1172140
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