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Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions

Ethiopia, being a major center of origin and diversity for durum wheat, possesses a highly variable genetic pool with diverse agroecological adaptations. Wheat landraces are an important source of genetic variation for breeding programs. This study was conducted to study the genotypic diversity of E...

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Autores principales: Dukamo, Bantewalu Hailekidan, Gedebo, Andargachew, Tesfaye, Bizuayehu, Degu, Hewan Demissie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375799/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37519732
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18359
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author Dukamo, Bantewalu Hailekidan
Gedebo, Andargachew
Tesfaye, Bizuayehu
Degu, Hewan Demissie
author_facet Dukamo, Bantewalu Hailekidan
Gedebo, Andargachew
Tesfaye, Bizuayehu
Degu, Hewan Demissie
author_sort Dukamo, Bantewalu Hailekidan
collection PubMed
description Ethiopia, being a major center of origin and diversity for durum wheat, possesses a highly variable genetic pool with diverse agroecological adaptations. Wheat landraces are an important source of genetic variation for breeding programs. This study was conducted to study the genotypic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat genetic resources under two contrasting environments namely drought-stressed and non-stressed. It was carried out on 100 landraces and 4 local checks using an augmented design. Data were collected on 13 traits comprising yield and yield components, phenology, and canopy condition. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between landraces for different traits with different sources of variation. Several landraces were found to outyield the checks at both environmental conditions. Intermediate to high estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability in a broad sense (h(2)b), and genetic advance in percent of the mean (GAPM) were observed for all the studied traits except for days to flowering at normal, thousands seed weight at stress, and days to maturity, leaf chlorophyll concentration measurement, and canopy temperature measurement at both conditions. The estimation of variability parameters showed that genotypic variation was higher than environmental variation for most traits. The number of tillers, spike length, kernel per spike, and grain yield indicated higher values for h(2)b and GAPM (74.42% and 20.86; 83.2% and 28.24; 70.79% and 28.0; and 89.54% and 74.71) at normal and (97.87% and 98.22; 71.27% and 28.51; 75.52% and 43.9; and 90.04% and 103.68) at the stressed condition, respectively. Spikelets per spike, kernel per spike, and thousands seed weight were positively correlated with grain yield. Grain yield exhibited a weak negative correlation with days to heading and days to maturity. Principal components analysis revealed that six traits were the major loadings on the first two principal components that describe 37.9% and 41.0% of the total morphological variance at normal and stressed conditions, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the landraces into six clusters, with each cluster showing variation in performance for different traits under normal and stressed conditions. The intracluster distance was maximum in cluster I (D2 = 7.68) and (D2 = 8.19) at normal and stressed conditions respectively and the intercluster distance was found to be maximum between clusters I and IV (D2 = 11.02) and clusters I and II (D2 = 10.33) at normal and stressed conditions respectively. The presence of significant genetic variability among the evaluated durum wheat landraces suggests an opportunity for improvement of grain yield through the hybridization of genotypes from different clusters and subsequent selection. Genotypes with superior agronomic traits that outperform the best checks are identified as potential parents for yield improvement programs for moisture stress.
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spelling pubmed-103757992023-07-29 Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions Dukamo, Bantewalu Hailekidan Gedebo, Andargachew Tesfaye, Bizuayehu Degu, Hewan Demissie Heliyon Research Article Ethiopia, being a major center of origin and diversity for durum wheat, possesses a highly variable genetic pool with diverse agroecological adaptations. Wheat landraces are an important source of genetic variation for breeding programs. This study was conducted to study the genotypic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat genetic resources under two contrasting environments namely drought-stressed and non-stressed. It was carried out on 100 landraces and 4 local checks using an augmented design. Data were collected on 13 traits comprising yield and yield components, phenology, and canopy condition. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between landraces for different traits with different sources of variation. Several landraces were found to outyield the checks at both environmental conditions. Intermediate to high estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability in a broad sense (h(2)b), and genetic advance in percent of the mean (GAPM) were observed for all the studied traits except for days to flowering at normal, thousands seed weight at stress, and days to maturity, leaf chlorophyll concentration measurement, and canopy temperature measurement at both conditions. The estimation of variability parameters showed that genotypic variation was higher than environmental variation for most traits. The number of tillers, spike length, kernel per spike, and grain yield indicated higher values for h(2)b and GAPM (74.42% and 20.86; 83.2% and 28.24; 70.79% and 28.0; and 89.54% and 74.71) at normal and (97.87% and 98.22; 71.27% and 28.51; 75.52% and 43.9; and 90.04% and 103.68) at the stressed condition, respectively. Spikelets per spike, kernel per spike, and thousands seed weight were positively correlated with grain yield. Grain yield exhibited a weak negative correlation with days to heading and days to maturity. Principal components analysis revealed that six traits were the major loadings on the first two principal components that describe 37.9% and 41.0% of the total morphological variance at normal and stressed conditions, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the landraces into six clusters, with each cluster showing variation in performance for different traits under normal and stressed conditions. The intracluster distance was maximum in cluster I (D2 = 7.68) and (D2 = 8.19) at normal and stressed conditions respectively and the intercluster distance was found to be maximum between clusters I and IV (D2 = 11.02) and clusters I and II (D2 = 10.33) at normal and stressed conditions respectively. The presence of significant genetic variability among the evaluated durum wheat landraces suggests an opportunity for improvement of grain yield through the hybridization of genotypes from different clusters and subsequent selection. Genotypes with superior agronomic traits that outperform the best checks are identified as potential parents for yield improvement programs for moisture stress. Elsevier 2023-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10375799/ /pubmed/37519732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18359 Text en © 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Dukamo, Bantewalu Hailekidan
Gedebo, Andargachew
Tesfaye, Bizuayehu
Degu, Hewan Demissie
Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
title Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
title_full Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
title_fullStr Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
title_full_unstemmed Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
title_short Genetic diversity of Ethiopian durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
title_sort genetic diversity of ethiopian durum wheat (t. turgidum subsp. durum) landraces under water stressed and non stressed conditions
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375799/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37519732
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18359
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