Cargando…
Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581 |
_version_ | 1785079163183431680 |
---|---|
author | González-Rodríguez, Alexandre Natividad, Mentxu Seeman, Mary V. Paolini, Jennipher Paola Balagué, Ariadna Román, Eloïsa Izquierdo, Eduard Pérez, Anabel Vallet, Anna Salvador, Mireia Monreal, José Antonio |
author_facet | González-Rodríguez, Alexandre Natividad, Mentxu Seeman, Mary V. Paolini, Jennipher Paola Balagué, Ariadna Román, Eloïsa Izquierdo, Eduard Pérez, Anabel Vallet, Anna Salvador, Mireia Monreal, José Antonio |
author_sort | González-Rodríguez, Alexandre |
collection | PubMed |
description | Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune/inflammatory pathways that differ between men and women, their influence is often sex-specific. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the literature on social risk factors as they affect women with schizophrenia. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to May 2023 using terms referring to the various social determinants of health in conjunction with “women” and with “schizophrenia”. A total of 57 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the domains of childhood and adult abuse or trauma, victimization, stigma, housing, and socioeconomics, women with schizophrenia showed greater probability than their male peers of suffering negative consequences. Interventions targeting appropriate housing, income support, social and parenting support, protection from abuse, violence, and mothering-directed stigma have, to different degrees, yielded success in reducing stress levels and alleviating the many burdens of schizophrenia in women. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10376000 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103760002023-07-29 Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women González-Rodríguez, Alexandre Natividad, Mentxu Seeman, Mary V. Paolini, Jennipher Paola Balagué, Ariadna Román, Eloïsa Izquierdo, Eduard Pérez, Anabel Vallet, Anna Salvador, Mireia Monreal, José Antonio Behav Sci (Basel) Review Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune/inflammatory pathways that differ between men and women, their influence is often sex-specific. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the literature on social risk factors as they affect women with schizophrenia. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to May 2023 using terms referring to the various social determinants of health in conjunction with “women” and with “schizophrenia”. A total of 57 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the domains of childhood and adult abuse or trauma, victimization, stigma, housing, and socioeconomics, women with schizophrenia showed greater probability than their male peers of suffering negative consequences. Interventions targeting appropriate housing, income support, social and parenting support, protection from abuse, violence, and mothering-directed stigma have, to different degrees, yielded success in reducing stress levels and alleviating the many burdens of schizophrenia in women. MDPI 2023-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10376000/ /pubmed/37504028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review González-Rodríguez, Alexandre Natividad, Mentxu Seeman, Mary V. Paolini, Jennipher Paola Balagué, Ariadna Román, Eloïsa Izquierdo, Eduard Pérez, Anabel Vallet, Anna Salvador, Mireia Monreal, José Antonio Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women |
title | Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women |
title_full | Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women |
title_fullStr | Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women |
title_full_unstemmed | Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women |
title_short | Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women |
title_sort | schizophrenia: a review of social risk factors that affect women |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gonzalezrodriguezalexandre schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT natividadmentxu schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT seemanmaryv schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT paolinijennipherpaola schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT balagueariadna schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT romaneloisa schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT izquierdoeduard schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT perezanabel schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT valletanna schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT salvadormireia schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen AT monrealjoseantonio schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen |