Cargando…

Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women

Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: González-Rodríguez, Alexandre, Natividad, Mentxu, Seeman, Mary V., Paolini, Jennipher Paola, Balagué, Ariadna, Román, Eloïsa, Izquierdo, Eduard, Pérez, Anabel, Vallet, Anna, Salvador, Mireia, Monreal, José Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581
_version_ 1785079163183431680
author González-Rodríguez, Alexandre
Natividad, Mentxu
Seeman, Mary V.
Paolini, Jennipher Paola
Balagué, Ariadna
Román, Eloïsa
Izquierdo, Eduard
Pérez, Anabel
Vallet, Anna
Salvador, Mireia
Monreal, José Antonio
author_facet González-Rodríguez, Alexandre
Natividad, Mentxu
Seeman, Mary V.
Paolini, Jennipher Paola
Balagué, Ariadna
Román, Eloïsa
Izquierdo, Eduard
Pérez, Anabel
Vallet, Anna
Salvador, Mireia
Monreal, José Antonio
author_sort González-Rodríguez, Alexandre
collection PubMed
description Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune/inflammatory pathways that differ between men and women, their influence is often sex-specific. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the literature on social risk factors as they affect women with schizophrenia. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to May 2023 using terms referring to the various social determinants of health in conjunction with “women” and with “schizophrenia”. A total of 57 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the domains of childhood and adult abuse or trauma, victimization, stigma, housing, and socioeconomics, women with schizophrenia showed greater probability than their male peers of suffering negative consequences. Interventions targeting appropriate housing, income support, social and parenting support, protection from abuse, violence, and mothering-directed stigma have, to different degrees, yielded success in reducing stress levels and alleviating the many burdens of schizophrenia in women.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10376000
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103760002023-07-29 Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women González-Rodríguez, Alexandre Natividad, Mentxu Seeman, Mary V. Paolini, Jennipher Paola Balagué, Ariadna Román, Eloïsa Izquierdo, Eduard Pérez, Anabel Vallet, Anna Salvador, Mireia Monreal, José Antonio Behav Sci (Basel) Review Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune/inflammatory pathways that differ between men and women, their influence is often sex-specific. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the literature on social risk factors as they affect women with schizophrenia. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to May 2023 using terms referring to the various social determinants of health in conjunction with “women” and with “schizophrenia”. A total of 57 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the domains of childhood and adult abuse or trauma, victimization, stigma, housing, and socioeconomics, women with schizophrenia showed greater probability than their male peers of suffering negative consequences. Interventions targeting appropriate housing, income support, social and parenting support, protection from abuse, violence, and mothering-directed stigma have, to different degrees, yielded success in reducing stress levels and alleviating the many burdens of schizophrenia in women. MDPI 2023-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10376000/ /pubmed/37504028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
González-Rodríguez, Alexandre
Natividad, Mentxu
Seeman, Mary V.
Paolini, Jennipher Paola
Balagué, Ariadna
Román, Eloïsa
Izquierdo, Eduard
Pérez, Anabel
Vallet, Anna
Salvador, Mireia
Monreal, José Antonio
Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
title Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
title_full Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
title_fullStr Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
title_full_unstemmed Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
title_short Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women
title_sort schizophrenia: a review of social risk factors that affect women
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581
work_keys_str_mv AT gonzalezrodriguezalexandre schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT natividadmentxu schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT seemanmaryv schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT paolinijennipherpaola schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT balagueariadna schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT romaneloisa schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT izquierdoeduard schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT perezanabel schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT valletanna schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT salvadormireia schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen
AT monrealjoseantonio schizophreniaareviewofsocialriskfactorsthataffectwomen