Cargando…
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported—concerning their chemical composition and bioactiviti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376212/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071191 |
_version_ | 1785079214974697472 |
---|---|
author | Neagu, Răzvan Popovici, Violeta Ionescu, Lucia Elena Ordeanu, Viorel Popescu, Diana Mihaela Ozon, Emma Adriana Gîrd, Cerasela Elena |
author_facet | Neagu, Răzvan Popovici, Violeta Ionescu, Lucia Elena Ordeanu, Viorel Popescu, Diana Mihaela Ozon, Emma Adriana Gîrd, Cerasela Elena |
author_sort | Neagu, Răzvan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported—concerning their chemical composition and bioactivities—due to numerous companies involved in EOs production and the continuous development of online sales. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two to four samples of five commercially available essential oils (Oregano, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove, and Peppermint oils) produced by autochthonous companies. The manufacturers provided all EOs’ chemical compositions determined through GC-MS. The EOs’ bioactivities were investigated in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects (ABE% and, respectively, ABfE%) were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 562 and 570 nm using microplate cultivation techniques. The essential oils’ calculated parameters were compared with those of three standard broad-spectrum antibiotics: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Gentamycin, and Streptomycin. The results showed that at the first dilution (D1 = 25 mg/mL), all EOs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, and MIC value > 25 mg/mL. Generally, both effects progressively decreased from D1 to D3. Only EOs with a considerable content of highly active metabolites revealed insignificant differences. E. coli showed the lowest susceptibility to all commercially available essential oils—15 EO samples had undetected antibacterial and antibiofilm effects at D2 and D3. Peppermint and Clove oils recorded the most significant differences regarding chemical composition and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. All registered differences could be due to different places for harvesting the raw plant material, various technological processes through which these essential oils were obtained, the preservation conditions, and complex interactions between constituents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10376212 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103762122023-07-29 Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils Neagu, Răzvan Popovici, Violeta Ionescu, Lucia Elena Ordeanu, Viorel Popescu, Diana Mihaela Ozon, Emma Adriana Gîrd, Cerasela Elena Antibiotics (Basel) Article Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported—concerning their chemical composition and bioactivities—due to numerous companies involved in EOs production and the continuous development of online sales. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two to four samples of five commercially available essential oils (Oregano, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove, and Peppermint oils) produced by autochthonous companies. The manufacturers provided all EOs’ chemical compositions determined through GC-MS. The EOs’ bioactivities were investigated in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects (ABE% and, respectively, ABfE%) were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 562 and 570 nm using microplate cultivation techniques. The essential oils’ calculated parameters were compared with those of three standard broad-spectrum antibiotics: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Gentamycin, and Streptomycin. The results showed that at the first dilution (D1 = 25 mg/mL), all EOs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, and MIC value > 25 mg/mL. Generally, both effects progressively decreased from D1 to D3. Only EOs with a considerable content of highly active metabolites revealed insignificant differences. E. coli showed the lowest susceptibility to all commercially available essential oils—15 EO samples had undetected antibacterial and antibiofilm effects at D2 and D3. Peppermint and Clove oils recorded the most significant differences regarding chemical composition and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. All registered differences could be due to different places for harvesting the raw plant material, various technological processes through which these essential oils were obtained, the preservation conditions, and complex interactions between constituents. MDPI 2023-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10376212/ /pubmed/37508287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071191 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Neagu, Răzvan Popovici, Violeta Ionescu, Lucia Elena Ordeanu, Viorel Popescu, Diana Mihaela Ozon, Emma Adriana Gîrd, Cerasela Elena Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils |
title | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils |
title_full | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils |
title_short | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils |
title_sort | antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of different samples of five commercially available essential oils |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376212/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071191 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT neagurazvan antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils AT popovicivioleta antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils AT ionesculuciaelena antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils AT ordeanuviorel antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils AT popescudianamihaela antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils AT ozonemmaadriana antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils AT girdceraselaelena antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils |