Cargando…

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils

Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported—concerning their chemical composition and bioactiviti...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Neagu, Răzvan, Popovici, Violeta, Ionescu, Lucia Elena, Ordeanu, Viorel, Popescu, Diana Mihaela, Ozon, Emma Adriana, Gîrd, Cerasela Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071191
_version_ 1785079214974697472
author Neagu, Răzvan
Popovici, Violeta
Ionescu, Lucia Elena
Ordeanu, Viorel
Popescu, Diana Mihaela
Ozon, Emma Adriana
Gîrd, Cerasela Elena
author_facet Neagu, Răzvan
Popovici, Violeta
Ionescu, Lucia Elena
Ordeanu, Viorel
Popescu, Diana Mihaela
Ozon, Emma Adriana
Gîrd, Cerasela Elena
author_sort Neagu, Răzvan
collection PubMed
description Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported—concerning their chemical composition and bioactivities—due to numerous companies involved in EOs production and the continuous development of online sales. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two to four samples of five commercially available essential oils (Oregano, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove, and Peppermint oils) produced by autochthonous companies. The manufacturers provided all EOs’ chemical compositions determined through GC-MS. The EOs’ bioactivities were investigated in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects (ABE% and, respectively, ABfE%) were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 562 and 570 nm using microplate cultivation techniques. The essential oils’ calculated parameters were compared with those of three standard broad-spectrum antibiotics: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Gentamycin, and Streptomycin. The results showed that at the first dilution (D1 = 25 mg/mL), all EOs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, and MIC value > 25 mg/mL. Generally, both effects progressively decreased from D1 to D3. Only EOs with a considerable content of highly active metabolites revealed insignificant differences. E. coli showed the lowest susceptibility to all commercially available essential oils—15 EO samples had undetected antibacterial and antibiofilm effects at D2 and D3. Peppermint and Clove oils recorded the most significant differences regarding chemical composition and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. All registered differences could be due to different places for harvesting the raw plant material, various technological processes through which these essential oils were obtained, the preservation conditions, and complex interactions between constituents.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10376212
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103762122023-07-29 Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils Neagu, Răzvan Popovici, Violeta Ionescu, Lucia Elena Ordeanu, Viorel Popescu, Diana Mihaela Ozon, Emma Adriana Gîrd, Cerasela Elena Antibiotics (Basel) Article Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported—concerning their chemical composition and bioactivities—due to numerous companies involved in EOs production and the continuous development of online sales. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two to four samples of five commercially available essential oils (Oregano, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove, and Peppermint oils) produced by autochthonous companies. The manufacturers provided all EOs’ chemical compositions determined through GC-MS. The EOs’ bioactivities were investigated in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects (ABE% and, respectively, ABfE%) were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 562 and 570 nm using microplate cultivation techniques. The essential oils’ calculated parameters were compared with those of three standard broad-spectrum antibiotics: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Gentamycin, and Streptomycin. The results showed that at the first dilution (D1 = 25 mg/mL), all EOs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, and MIC value > 25 mg/mL. Generally, both effects progressively decreased from D1 to D3. Only EOs with a considerable content of highly active metabolites revealed insignificant differences. E. coli showed the lowest susceptibility to all commercially available essential oils—15 EO samples had undetected antibacterial and antibiofilm effects at D2 and D3. Peppermint and Clove oils recorded the most significant differences regarding chemical composition and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. All registered differences could be due to different places for harvesting the raw plant material, various technological processes through which these essential oils were obtained, the preservation conditions, and complex interactions between constituents. MDPI 2023-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10376212/ /pubmed/37508287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071191 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Neagu, Răzvan
Popovici, Violeta
Ionescu, Lucia Elena
Ordeanu, Viorel
Popescu, Diana Mihaela
Ozon, Emma Adriana
Gîrd, Cerasela Elena
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
title Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
title_full Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
title_fullStr Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
title_short Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils
title_sort antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of different samples of five commercially available essential oils
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10376212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071191
work_keys_str_mv AT neagurazvan antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils
AT popovicivioleta antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils
AT ionesculuciaelena antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils
AT ordeanuviorel antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils
AT popescudianamihaela antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils
AT ozonemmaadriana antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils
AT girdceraselaelena antibacterialandantibiofilmeffectsofdifferentsamplesoffivecommerciallyavailableessentialoils