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Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome
Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a complex and debilitating condition that can develop after head concussions or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). PPCS is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, fatigue, cognitive deficits, and emotional changes, tha...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377031/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071028 |
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author | Mavroudis, Ioannis Chatzikonstantinou, Simela Petridis, Foivos Palade, Octavian Dragos Ciobica, Alin Balmus, Ioana-Miruna |
author_facet | Mavroudis, Ioannis Chatzikonstantinou, Simela Petridis, Foivos Palade, Octavian Dragos Ciobica, Alin Balmus, Ioana-Miruna |
author_sort | Mavroudis, Ioannis |
collection | PubMed |
description | Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a complex and debilitating condition that can develop after head concussions or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). PPCS is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, fatigue, cognitive deficits, and emotional changes, that can persist for months or even years after the initial injury. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of PPCS are still poorly understood; furthermore, there are limited resources to predict PPCS development in mTBI patients and no established treatment. Similar to PPCS, the etiology and pathogenesis of functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are not clear neither fully described. Nonspecific multifactorial interactions that were also seen in PPCS have been identified as possible predispositions for FND onset and progression. Thus, we aimed to describe a functional overlay model of PPCS that emphasizes the interplay between functional and structural factors in the development and perpetuation of PPCS symptoms. Our model suggests that the initial brain injury triggers a cascade of physiological and psychological processes that disrupt the normal functioning of the brain leading to persistent symptoms. This disruption can be compounded by pre-existing factors, such as genetics, prior injury, and psychological distress, which can increase the vulnerability to PPCS. Moreover, specific interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, neurofeedback, and physical exercise can target the PPCS treatment approach. Thus, the functional overlay model of PPCS provides a new framework for understanding the complex nature of this condition and for developing more effective treatments. By identifying and targeting specific functional factors that contribute to PPCS symptoms, clinicians and researchers can improve the diagnosis, management, and ultimately, outcomes of patients with this condition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10377031 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103770312023-07-29 Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome Mavroudis, Ioannis Chatzikonstantinou, Simela Petridis, Foivos Palade, Octavian Dragos Ciobica, Alin Balmus, Ioana-Miruna Brain Sci Review Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a complex and debilitating condition that can develop after head concussions or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). PPCS is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, fatigue, cognitive deficits, and emotional changes, that can persist for months or even years after the initial injury. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of PPCS are still poorly understood; furthermore, there are limited resources to predict PPCS development in mTBI patients and no established treatment. Similar to PPCS, the etiology and pathogenesis of functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are not clear neither fully described. Nonspecific multifactorial interactions that were also seen in PPCS have been identified as possible predispositions for FND onset and progression. Thus, we aimed to describe a functional overlay model of PPCS that emphasizes the interplay between functional and structural factors in the development and perpetuation of PPCS symptoms. Our model suggests that the initial brain injury triggers a cascade of physiological and psychological processes that disrupt the normal functioning of the brain leading to persistent symptoms. This disruption can be compounded by pre-existing factors, such as genetics, prior injury, and psychological distress, which can increase the vulnerability to PPCS. Moreover, specific interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, neurofeedback, and physical exercise can target the PPCS treatment approach. Thus, the functional overlay model of PPCS provides a new framework for understanding the complex nature of this condition and for developing more effective treatments. By identifying and targeting specific functional factors that contribute to PPCS symptoms, clinicians and researchers can improve the diagnosis, management, and ultimately, outcomes of patients with this condition. MDPI 2023-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10377031/ /pubmed/37508960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071028 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mavroudis, Ioannis Chatzikonstantinou, Simela Petridis, Foivos Palade, Octavian Dragos Ciobica, Alin Balmus, Ioana-Miruna Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome |
title | Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome |
title_full | Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome |
title_fullStr | Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome |
title_short | Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome |
title_sort | functional overlay model of persistent post-concussion syndrome |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377031/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508960 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071028 |
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