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Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and en...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009 |
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author | Al Johani, Khalid Fudah, Mashael Al-Zahrani, Mohammad Abed, Hassan Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Cicciù, Marco Minervini, Giuseppe |
author_facet | Al Johani, Khalid Fudah, Mashael Al-Zahrani, Mohammad Abed, Hassan Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Cicciù, Marco Minervini, Giuseppe |
author_sort | Al Johani, Khalid |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and environmental background, play a role in the pathogenesis. Repeated active episodes of MS characterized with marked inflammation results in the scarring of particular nerve segments, and eventually results in functional impairment over a period of time. Based on the clinical course of the disease, four clinical types of MS have been identified, with the relapsing–remitting type being the commonest. MS is known to occur more commonly in females in the age group of 20–40 years. Dysarthria, fatigue, muscle spasm, and numbness are the common presenting symptoms of MS. Diagnosis is generally achieved with MRI brain scans, showing demyelination plaques and lumbar puncture. Treatment of MS’s acute phase includes high doses of corticosteroids; whereas preventive treatment of MS includes the prescription of immunosuppressive therapy, including biologics. A large group of MS patients present with oral manifestations, including dysphagia, dysarthria, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disturbances, facial palsy, and chronic periodontal diseases. Other typical oral manifestations seen in MS patients include trigeminal neuralgia, paresthesia, or orofacial pain. Dental treatment and following drug prescription needs to be tailored to each patient, as there is a possibility of drug interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive, updated review of MS, with emphasis on oral manifestations and dental considerations. Additionally, it presents a case of a 40-year-old female diagnosed with MS that was presented to a dental hospital. The report discusses the oral manifestations and dental management. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10377366 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103773662023-07-29 Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report Al Johani, Khalid Fudah, Mashael Al-Zahrani, Mohammad Abed, Hassan Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Cicciù, Marco Minervini, Giuseppe Brain Sci Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and environmental background, play a role in the pathogenesis. Repeated active episodes of MS characterized with marked inflammation results in the scarring of particular nerve segments, and eventually results in functional impairment over a period of time. Based on the clinical course of the disease, four clinical types of MS have been identified, with the relapsing–remitting type being the commonest. MS is known to occur more commonly in females in the age group of 20–40 years. Dysarthria, fatigue, muscle spasm, and numbness are the common presenting symptoms of MS. Diagnosis is generally achieved with MRI brain scans, showing demyelination plaques and lumbar puncture. Treatment of MS’s acute phase includes high doses of corticosteroids; whereas preventive treatment of MS includes the prescription of immunosuppressive therapy, including biologics. A large group of MS patients present with oral manifestations, including dysphagia, dysarthria, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disturbances, facial palsy, and chronic periodontal diseases. Other typical oral manifestations seen in MS patients include trigeminal neuralgia, paresthesia, or orofacial pain. Dental treatment and following drug prescription needs to be tailored to each patient, as there is a possibility of drug interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive, updated review of MS, with emphasis on oral manifestations and dental considerations. Additionally, it presents a case of a 40-year-old female diagnosed with MS that was presented to a dental hospital. The report discusses the oral manifestations and dental management. MDPI 2023-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10377366/ /pubmed/37508941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Al Johani, Khalid Fudah, Mashael Al-Zahrani, Mohammad Abed, Hassan Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Cicciù, Marco Minervini, Giuseppe Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report |
title | Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report |
title_full | Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report |
title_fullStr | Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report |
title_short | Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report |
title_sort | multiple sclerosis—a demyelinating disorder and its dental considerations—a literature review with own case report |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009 |
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