Cargando…

Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and en...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Al Johani, Khalid, Fudah, Mashael, Al-Zahrani, Mohammad, Abed, Hassan, Srivastava, Kumar Chandan, Shrivastava, Deepti, Cicciù, Marco, Minervini, Giuseppe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508941
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009
_version_ 1785079500009111552
author Al Johani, Khalid
Fudah, Mashael
Al-Zahrani, Mohammad
Abed, Hassan
Srivastava, Kumar Chandan
Shrivastava, Deepti
Cicciù, Marco
Minervini, Giuseppe
author_facet Al Johani, Khalid
Fudah, Mashael
Al-Zahrani, Mohammad
Abed, Hassan
Srivastava, Kumar Chandan
Shrivastava, Deepti
Cicciù, Marco
Minervini, Giuseppe
author_sort Al Johani, Khalid
collection PubMed
description Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and environmental background, play a role in the pathogenesis. Repeated active episodes of MS characterized with marked inflammation results in the scarring of particular nerve segments, and eventually results in functional impairment over a period of time. Based on the clinical course of the disease, four clinical types of MS have been identified, with the relapsing–remitting type being the commonest. MS is known to occur more commonly in females in the age group of 20–40 years. Dysarthria, fatigue, muscle spasm, and numbness are the common presenting symptoms of MS. Diagnosis is generally achieved with MRI brain scans, showing demyelination plaques and lumbar puncture. Treatment of MS’s acute phase includes high doses of corticosteroids; whereas preventive treatment of MS includes the prescription of immunosuppressive therapy, including biologics. A large group of MS patients present with oral manifestations, including dysphagia, dysarthria, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disturbances, facial palsy, and chronic periodontal diseases. Other typical oral manifestations seen in MS patients include trigeminal neuralgia, paresthesia, or orofacial pain. Dental treatment and following drug prescription needs to be tailored to each patient, as there is a possibility of drug interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive, updated review of MS, with emphasis on oral manifestations and dental considerations. Additionally, it presents a case of a 40-year-old female diagnosed with MS that was presented to a dental hospital. The report discusses the oral manifestations and dental management.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10377366
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103773662023-07-29 Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report Al Johani, Khalid Fudah, Mashael Al-Zahrani, Mohammad Abed, Hassan Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Cicciù, Marco Minervini, Giuseppe Brain Sci Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and environmental background, play a role in the pathogenesis. Repeated active episodes of MS characterized with marked inflammation results in the scarring of particular nerve segments, and eventually results in functional impairment over a period of time. Based on the clinical course of the disease, four clinical types of MS have been identified, with the relapsing–remitting type being the commonest. MS is known to occur more commonly in females in the age group of 20–40 years. Dysarthria, fatigue, muscle spasm, and numbness are the common presenting symptoms of MS. Diagnosis is generally achieved with MRI brain scans, showing demyelination plaques and lumbar puncture. Treatment of MS’s acute phase includes high doses of corticosteroids; whereas preventive treatment of MS includes the prescription of immunosuppressive therapy, including biologics. A large group of MS patients present with oral manifestations, including dysphagia, dysarthria, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disturbances, facial palsy, and chronic periodontal diseases. Other typical oral manifestations seen in MS patients include trigeminal neuralgia, paresthesia, or orofacial pain. Dental treatment and following drug prescription needs to be tailored to each patient, as there is a possibility of drug interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive, updated review of MS, with emphasis on oral manifestations and dental considerations. Additionally, it presents a case of a 40-year-old female diagnosed with MS that was presented to a dental hospital. The report discusses the oral manifestations and dental management. MDPI 2023-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10377366/ /pubmed/37508941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Al Johani, Khalid
Fudah, Mashael
Al-Zahrani, Mohammad
Abed, Hassan
Srivastava, Kumar Chandan
Shrivastava, Deepti
Cicciù, Marco
Minervini, Giuseppe
Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
title Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
title_full Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
title_fullStr Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
title_short Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
title_sort multiple sclerosis—a demyelinating disorder and its dental considerations—a literature review with own case report
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508941
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009
work_keys_str_mv AT aljohanikhalid multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT fudahmashael multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT alzahranimohammad multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT abedhassan multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT srivastavakumarchandan multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT shrivastavadeepti multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT cicciumarco multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport
AT minervinigiuseppe multiplesclerosisademyelinatingdisorderanditsdentalconsiderationsaliteraturereviewwithowncasereport