Retinal Changes After COVID-19 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease was first reported in 2019 and was initially associated with respiratory pathology. With the improvement of knowledge about this disease, it was noticed that, among other symptoms, some patients presented visual acuity changes associated with retinal vascular changes, mainly associated with thrombotic phenomena. Later, with the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 disease, cases of visual acuity alterations secondary to thrombotic phenomena were also reported. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, a series of clinical cases with retinal vascular alterations after COVID-19 infection and vaccination are described. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection and vaccination increase the risk of retinal vascular events. The purpose of this article is to present a set of clinical cases with various manifestations of vascular changes in the retina associated with COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccination observed in the Department of Ophthalmology of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, in Porto, Portugal.