The Prognosis of Patients Tested Positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Different Sources

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognosis of patients tested positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SMA) from different sources. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted among 651 patients tested positive for SMA from January 2020 to October 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The patients were divided into seven groups by the source of SMA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for mortality in patients tested positive for SMA from different sources. RESULTS: A total of 651 SMA isolates were collected from various sources, including sputum (348 isolates, 53%), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (52, 8%), abdominal drainage fluid (76, 12%), wound secretion (66, 10%), blood (62, 10%), urine (41, 6%) and cerebrospinal fluid (6, 1%). Compared with other groups, the mortality of the patients in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture group, blood culture group, and abdominal drainage fluid culture group was higher, at 40.38%, 32.26%, and 26.32%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that continuous renal replacement therapy was an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with SMA bloodstream infection (P=0.020, OR=6.86), and effective antimicrobial therapy after being positive for S. maltophilia isolates (P=0.002, OR=0.10) was negatively correlated with the death of patients with SMA bloodstream infection. Age ≥65 years (P= 0.043, OR=4.96), kidney disease (P=0.045, OR=4.62) and antifungal agent exposure (P=0.036, OR=5.13) were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with SMA intra-abdominal infection. Antifungal agent exposure (P=0.024, OR=0.51) and glycopeptide exposure (P=0.045, OR=0.53) were independent risk factors for mortality in patients in the sputum culture group. CONCLUSION: SMA has a high rate of antimicrobial resistance and can cause multisite infection. Pulmonary infections, bloodstream infections and abdominal infections caused by SMA have high mortality, and timely standardized treatment can reduce mortality.