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Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Locoregional therapies, including transarterial embolization (TAE: bland embolization), chemoembolization (TACE), and radioembolization, have demonstrated survival benefits when t...

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Autores principales: Pourbaghi, Miles, Haghani, Leila, Zhao, Ken, Karimi, Anita, Marinelli, Brett, Erinjeri, Joseph P., Geschwind, Jean-Francois H., Yarmohammadi, Hooman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377758/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30070485
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author Pourbaghi, Miles
Haghani, Leila
Zhao, Ken
Karimi, Anita
Marinelli, Brett
Erinjeri, Joseph P.
Geschwind, Jean-Francois H.
Yarmohammadi, Hooman
author_facet Pourbaghi, Miles
Haghani, Leila
Zhao, Ken
Karimi, Anita
Marinelli, Brett
Erinjeri, Joseph P.
Geschwind, Jean-Francois H.
Yarmohammadi, Hooman
author_sort Pourbaghi, Miles
collection PubMed
description Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Locoregional therapies, including transarterial embolization (TAE: bland embolization), chemoembolization (TACE), and radioembolization, have demonstrated survival benefits when treating patients with unresectable HCC. TAE and TACE occlude the tumor’s arterial supply, causing hypoxia and nutritional deprivation and ultimately resulting in tumor necrosis. Embolization blocks the aerobic metabolic pathway. However, tumors, including HCC, use the “Warburg effect” and survive hypoxia from embolization. An adaptation to hypoxia through the Warburg effect, which was first described in 1956, is when the cancer cells switch to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Hence, this is also known as aerobic glycolysis. In this article, the adaptation mechanisms of HCC, including glycolysis, are discussed, and anti-glycolytic treatments, including systemic and locoregional options that have been previously reported or have the potential to be utilized in the treatment of HCC, are reviewed.
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spelling pubmed-103777582023-07-29 Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options Pourbaghi, Miles Haghani, Leila Zhao, Ken Karimi, Anita Marinelli, Brett Erinjeri, Joseph P. Geschwind, Jean-Francois H. Yarmohammadi, Hooman Curr Oncol Review Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Locoregional therapies, including transarterial embolization (TAE: bland embolization), chemoembolization (TACE), and radioembolization, have demonstrated survival benefits when treating patients with unresectable HCC. TAE and TACE occlude the tumor’s arterial supply, causing hypoxia and nutritional deprivation and ultimately resulting in tumor necrosis. Embolization blocks the aerobic metabolic pathway. However, tumors, including HCC, use the “Warburg effect” and survive hypoxia from embolization. An adaptation to hypoxia through the Warburg effect, which was first described in 1956, is when the cancer cells switch to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Hence, this is also known as aerobic glycolysis. In this article, the adaptation mechanisms of HCC, including glycolysis, are discussed, and anti-glycolytic treatments, including systemic and locoregional options that have been previously reported or have the potential to be utilized in the treatment of HCC, are reviewed. MDPI 2023-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10377758/ /pubmed/37504345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30070485 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pourbaghi, Miles
Haghani, Leila
Zhao, Ken
Karimi, Anita
Marinelli, Brett
Erinjeri, Joseph P.
Geschwind, Jean-Francois H.
Yarmohammadi, Hooman
Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options
title Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options
title_full Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options
title_fullStr Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options
title_full_unstemmed Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options
title_short Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options
title_sort anti-glycolytic drugs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: systemic and locoregional options
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377758/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30070485
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