Cargando…
Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thromboti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12141865 |
_version_ | 1785079604442038272 |
---|---|
author | Panzer, Benjamin Kopp, Christoph W. Neumayer, Christoph Koppensteiner, Renate Jozkowicz, Alicja Poledniczek, Michael Gremmel, Thomas Jilma, Bernd Wadowski, Patricia P. |
author_facet | Panzer, Benjamin Kopp, Christoph W. Neumayer, Christoph Koppensteiner, Renate Jozkowicz, Alicja Poledniczek, Michael Gremmel, Thomas Jilma, Bernd Wadowski, Patricia P. |
author_sort | Panzer, Benjamin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10377790 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103777902023-07-29 Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review Panzer, Benjamin Kopp, Christoph W. Neumayer, Christoph Koppensteiner, Renate Jozkowicz, Alicja Poledniczek, Michael Gremmel, Thomas Jilma, Bernd Wadowski, Patricia P. Cells Review Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases. MDPI 2023-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10377790/ /pubmed/37508529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12141865 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Panzer, Benjamin Kopp, Christoph W. Neumayer, Christoph Koppensteiner, Renate Jozkowicz, Alicja Poledniczek, Michael Gremmel, Thomas Jilma, Bernd Wadowski, Patricia P. Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review |
title | Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review |
title_full | Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr | Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review |
title_short | Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review |
title_sort | toll-like receptors as pro-thrombotic drivers in viral infections: a narrative review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10377790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37508529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12141865 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT panzerbenjamin tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT koppchristophw tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT neumayerchristoph tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT koppensteinerrenate tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT jozkowiczalicja tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT poledniczekmichael tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT gremmelthomas tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT jilmabernd tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview AT wadowskipatriciap tolllikereceptorsasprothromboticdriversinviralinfectionsanarrativereview |