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Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis

Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune gastritis, particularly its molecular aspects. The most noteworthy recent advancement lies in the identification of several candidate genes implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia through genome-wide asso...

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Autores principales: Iwamuro, Masaya, Tanaka, Takehiro, Otsuka, Motoyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10378041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504250
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45070334
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author Iwamuro, Masaya
Tanaka, Takehiro
Otsuka, Motoyuki
author_facet Iwamuro, Masaya
Tanaka, Takehiro
Otsuka, Motoyuki
author_sort Iwamuro, Masaya
collection PubMed
description Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune gastritis, particularly its molecular aspects. The most noteworthy recent advancement lies in the identification of several candidate genes implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia through genome-wide association studies. These genes include PTPN22, PNPT1, HLA-DQB1, and IL2RA. Recent studies have also directed attention towards other genes such as ATP4A, ATP4B, AIRE, SLC26A7, SLC26A9, and BACH2 polymorphism. In-depth investigations have been conducted on lymphocytes and cytokines, including T helper 17 cells, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-19, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-15, transforming growth factor-β1, IL-13, and diminished levels of IL-27. Animal studies have explored the involvement of roseolovirus and H. pylori in relation to the onset of the disease and the process of carcinogenesis, respectively. Recent studies have comprehensively examined the involvement of autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis. The current focus lies on individuals demonstrating atypical presentations of the disease, including those diagnosed in childhood, those yielding negative results for autoantibodies, and those lacking the typical endoscopic characteristics of mucosal atrophy. Here, we discuss the recent developments in this field, focusing on genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications, lymphocytes, cytokines, oxidative stress, infectious agents, proteins, microRNAs, autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, gastrin, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and microscopic findings, and the risk of gastric neoplasm.
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spelling pubmed-103780412023-07-29 Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis Iwamuro, Masaya Tanaka, Takehiro Otsuka, Motoyuki Curr Issues Mol Biol Review Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune gastritis, particularly its molecular aspects. The most noteworthy recent advancement lies in the identification of several candidate genes implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia through genome-wide association studies. These genes include PTPN22, PNPT1, HLA-DQB1, and IL2RA. Recent studies have also directed attention towards other genes such as ATP4A, ATP4B, AIRE, SLC26A7, SLC26A9, and BACH2 polymorphism. In-depth investigations have been conducted on lymphocytes and cytokines, including T helper 17 cells, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-19, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-15, transforming growth factor-β1, IL-13, and diminished levels of IL-27. Animal studies have explored the involvement of roseolovirus and H. pylori in relation to the onset of the disease and the process of carcinogenesis, respectively. Recent studies have comprehensively examined the involvement of autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis. The current focus lies on individuals demonstrating atypical presentations of the disease, including those diagnosed in childhood, those yielding negative results for autoantibodies, and those lacking the typical endoscopic characteristics of mucosal atrophy. Here, we discuss the recent developments in this field, focusing on genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications, lymphocytes, cytokines, oxidative stress, infectious agents, proteins, microRNAs, autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, gastrin, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and microscopic findings, and the risk of gastric neoplasm. MDPI 2023-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10378041/ /pubmed/37504250 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45070334 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Iwamuro, Masaya
Tanaka, Takehiro
Otsuka, Motoyuki
Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis
title Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis
title_full Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis
title_fullStr Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis
title_full_unstemmed Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis
title_short Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis
title_sort update in molecular aspects and diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10378041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504250
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45070334
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