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Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels

So far, it has been difficult to directly compare diverse characteristic gelation mechanisms over different length and time scales. This paper presents a universal water structure analysis of several gels with different structures and gelation mechanisms including polymer gels, supramolecular gels c...

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Autores principales: Yagihara, Shin, Watanabe, Seiei, Abe, Yuta, Asano, Megumi, Shimizu, Kenta, Saito, Hironobu, Maruyama, Yuko, Kita, Rio, Shinyashiki, Naoki, Kundu, Shyamal Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10379185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070506
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author Yagihara, Shin
Watanabe, Seiei
Abe, Yuta
Asano, Megumi
Shimizu, Kenta
Saito, Hironobu
Maruyama, Yuko
Kita, Rio
Shinyashiki, Naoki
Kundu, Shyamal Kumar
author_facet Yagihara, Shin
Watanabe, Seiei
Abe, Yuta
Asano, Megumi
Shimizu, Kenta
Saito, Hironobu
Maruyama, Yuko
Kita, Rio
Shinyashiki, Naoki
Kundu, Shyamal Kumar
author_sort Yagihara, Shin
collection PubMed
description So far, it has been difficult to directly compare diverse characteristic gelation mechanisms over different length and time scales. This paper presents a universal water structure analysis of several gels with different structures and gelation mechanisms including polymer gels, supramolecular gels composed of surfactant micelles, and cement gels. The spatial distribution of water molecules was analyzed at molecular level from a diagram of the relaxation times and their distribution parameters (τ–β diagrams) with our database of the 10 GHz process for a variety of aqueous systems. Polymer gels with volume phase transition showed a small decrease in the fractal dimension of the hydrogen bond network (HBN) with gelation. In supramolecular gels with rod micelle precursor with amphipathic molecules, both the elongation of the micelles and their cross-linking caused a reduction in the fractal dimension. Such a reduction was also found in cement gels. These results suggest that the HBN inevitably breaks at each length scale with relative increase in steric hindrance due to cross-linking, resulting in the fragmentation of collective structures of water molecules. The universal analysis using τ–β diagrams presented here has broad applicability as a method to characterize diverse gel structures and evaluate gelation processes.
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spelling pubmed-103791852023-07-29 Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels Yagihara, Shin Watanabe, Seiei Abe, Yuta Asano, Megumi Shimizu, Kenta Saito, Hironobu Maruyama, Yuko Kita, Rio Shinyashiki, Naoki Kundu, Shyamal Kumar Gels Article So far, it has been difficult to directly compare diverse characteristic gelation mechanisms over different length and time scales. This paper presents a universal water structure analysis of several gels with different structures and gelation mechanisms including polymer gels, supramolecular gels composed of surfactant micelles, and cement gels. The spatial distribution of water molecules was analyzed at molecular level from a diagram of the relaxation times and their distribution parameters (τ–β diagrams) with our database of the 10 GHz process for a variety of aqueous systems. Polymer gels with volume phase transition showed a small decrease in the fractal dimension of the hydrogen bond network (HBN) with gelation. In supramolecular gels with rod micelle precursor with amphipathic molecules, both the elongation of the micelles and their cross-linking caused a reduction in the fractal dimension. Such a reduction was also found in cement gels. These results suggest that the HBN inevitably breaks at each length scale with relative increase in steric hindrance due to cross-linking, resulting in the fragmentation of collective structures of water molecules. The universal analysis using τ–β diagrams presented here has broad applicability as a method to characterize diverse gel structures and evaluate gelation processes. MDPI 2023-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10379185/ /pubmed/37504385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070506 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yagihara, Shin
Watanabe, Seiei
Abe, Yuta
Asano, Megumi
Shimizu, Kenta
Saito, Hironobu
Maruyama, Yuko
Kita, Rio
Shinyashiki, Naoki
Kundu, Shyamal Kumar
Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
title Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
title_full Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
title_fullStr Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
title_full_unstemmed Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
title_short Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
title_sort universal behavior of fractal water structures observed in various gelation mechanisms of polymer gels, supramolecular gels, and cement gels
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10379185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070506
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