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Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels
So far, it has been difficult to directly compare diverse characteristic gelation mechanisms over different length and time scales. This paper presents a universal water structure analysis of several gels with different structures and gelation mechanisms including polymer gels, supramolecular gels c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10379185/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070506 |
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author | Yagihara, Shin Watanabe, Seiei Abe, Yuta Asano, Megumi Shimizu, Kenta Saito, Hironobu Maruyama, Yuko Kita, Rio Shinyashiki, Naoki Kundu, Shyamal Kumar |
author_facet | Yagihara, Shin Watanabe, Seiei Abe, Yuta Asano, Megumi Shimizu, Kenta Saito, Hironobu Maruyama, Yuko Kita, Rio Shinyashiki, Naoki Kundu, Shyamal Kumar |
author_sort | Yagihara, Shin |
collection | PubMed |
description | So far, it has been difficult to directly compare diverse characteristic gelation mechanisms over different length and time scales. This paper presents a universal water structure analysis of several gels with different structures and gelation mechanisms including polymer gels, supramolecular gels composed of surfactant micelles, and cement gels. The spatial distribution of water molecules was analyzed at molecular level from a diagram of the relaxation times and their distribution parameters (τ–β diagrams) with our database of the 10 GHz process for a variety of aqueous systems. Polymer gels with volume phase transition showed a small decrease in the fractal dimension of the hydrogen bond network (HBN) with gelation. In supramolecular gels with rod micelle precursor with amphipathic molecules, both the elongation of the micelles and their cross-linking caused a reduction in the fractal dimension. Such a reduction was also found in cement gels. These results suggest that the HBN inevitably breaks at each length scale with relative increase in steric hindrance due to cross-linking, resulting in the fragmentation of collective structures of water molecules. The universal analysis using τ–β diagrams presented here has broad applicability as a method to characterize diverse gel structures and evaluate gelation processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10379185 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103791852023-07-29 Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels Yagihara, Shin Watanabe, Seiei Abe, Yuta Asano, Megumi Shimizu, Kenta Saito, Hironobu Maruyama, Yuko Kita, Rio Shinyashiki, Naoki Kundu, Shyamal Kumar Gels Article So far, it has been difficult to directly compare diverse characteristic gelation mechanisms over different length and time scales. This paper presents a universal water structure analysis of several gels with different structures and gelation mechanisms including polymer gels, supramolecular gels composed of surfactant micelles, and cement gels. The spatial distribution of water molecules was analyzed at molecular level from a diagram of the relaxation times and their distribution parameters (τ–β diagrams) with our database of the 10 GHz process for a variety of aqueous systems. Polymer gels with volume phase transition showed a small decrease in the fractal dimension of the hydrogen bond network (HBN) with gelation. In supramolecular gels with rod micelle precursor with amphipathic molecules, both the elongation of the micelles and their cross-linking caused a reduction in the fractal dimension. Such a reduction was also found in cement gels. These results suggest that the HBN inevitably breaks at each length scale with relative increase in steric hindrance due to cross-linking, resulting in the fragmentation of collective structures of water molecules. The universal analysis using τ–β diagrams presented here has broad applicability as a method to characterize diverse gel structures and evaluate gelation processes. MDPI 2023-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10379185/ /pubmed/37504385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070506 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yagihara, Shin Watanabe, Seiei Abe, Yuta Asano, Megumi Shimizu, Kenta Saito, Hironobu Maruyama, Yuko Kita, Rio Shinyashiki, Naoki Kundu, Shyamal Kumar Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels |
title | Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels |
title_full | Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels |
title_fullStr | Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels |
title_full_unstemmed | Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels |
title_short | Universal Behavior of Fractal Water Structures Observed in Various Gelation Mechanisms of Polymer Gels, Supramolecular Gels, and Cement Gels |
title_sort | universal behavior of fractal water structures observed in various gelation mechanisms of polymer gels, supramolecular gels, and cement gels |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10379185/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070506 |
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