The Spatiotemporal Distribution, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Cotton-Infesting Aphids in the Southern U.S.

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is capable of causing yield loss in cotton. Eight species of aphids have been reported to feed on cotton, but Aphis gossypii is the only known CLRDV vector in the United States (U.S.). Little is known about their distribution, abundance, and seasonal dynamics in the southern U.S. The epidemiological value of understanding this prompted a two-year study to monitor the populations of aphids that infest cotton fields throughout the southern U.S., where CLRDV has been reported. Aphis gossypii and Protaphis middletonii were the most abundant aphid species collected. Aphis craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, and Smynthurodes betae were also detected in this study; however, their populations remained consistently low throughout the collection period. Results from this study presented novel information regarding the seasonal variation of the species and populations of aphids associated with cotton in the region. ABSTRACT: Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging aphid-borne pathogen infecting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southern United States (U.S.). The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, infests cotton annually and is the only known vector to transmit CLRDV to cotton. Seven other species have been reported to feed on, but not often infest, cotton: Protaphis middletonii Thomas, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sasaki, and Smynthurodes betae Westwood. These seven have not been studied in cotton, but due to their potential epidemiological importance, an understanding of the intra- and inter-annual variations of these species is needed. In 2020 and 2021, aphids were monitored from North Carolina to Texas using pan traps around cotton fields. All of the species known to infest cotton, excluding A. fabae, were detected in this study. Protaphis middletonii and A. gossypii were the most abundant species identified. The five other species of aphids captured were consistently low throughout the study and, with the exception of R. rufiabdominale, were not detected at all locations. The abundance, distribution, and seasonal dynamics of cotton-infesting aphids across the southern U.S. are discussed.