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Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of aortic wall integrity. VSMCs have been suggested to have contractile and synthetic phenotypes and undergo phenotypic switching to contribute to the d...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10380637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37511460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411701 |
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author | Hu, Yunwen Cai, Zhaohua He, Ben |
author_facet | Hu, Yunwen Cai, Zhaohua He, Ben |
author_sort | Hu, Yunwen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of aortic wall integrity. VSMCs have been suggested to have contractile and synthetic phenotypes and undergo phenotypic switching to contribute to the deteriorating aortic wall structure. Recently, the unprecedented heterogeneity and diversity of VSMCs and their complex relationship to aortic aneurysms (AAs) have been revealed by high-resolution research methods, such as lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing. The aortic wall consists of VSMCs from different embryonic origins that respond unevenly to genetic defects that directly or indirectly regulate VSMC contractile phenotype. This difference predisposes to hereditary AAs in the aortic root and ascending aorta. Several VSMC phenotypes with different functions, for example, secreting VSMCs, proliferative VSMCs, mesenchymal stem cell-like VSMCs, immune-related VSMCs, proinflammatory VSMCs, senescent VSMCs, and stressed VSMCs are identified in non-hereditary AAs. The transformation of VSMCs into different phenotypes is an adaptive response to deleterious stimuli but can also trigger pathological remodeling that exacerbates the pathogenesis and development of AAs. This review is intended to contribute to the understanding of VSMC diversity in health and aneurysmal diseases. Papers that give an update on VSMC phenotype diversity in health and aneurysmal disease are summarized and recent insights on the role of VSMCs in AAs are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10380637 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103806372023-07-29 Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease Hu, Yunwen Cai, Zhaohua He, Ben Int J Mol Sci Review Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of aortic wall integrity. VSMCs have been suggested to have contractile and synthetic phenotypes and undergo phenotypic switching to contribute to the deteriorating aortic wall structure. Recently, the unprecedented heterogeneity and diversity of VSMCs and their complex relationship to aortic aneurysms (AAs) have been revealed by high-resolution research methods, such as lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing. The aortic wall consists of VSMCs from different embryonic origins that respond unevenly to genetic defects that directly or indirectly regulate VSMC contractile phenotype. This difference predisposes to hereditary AAs in the aortic root and ascending aorta. Several VSMC phenotypes with different functions, for example, secreting VSMCs, proliferative VSMCs, mesenchymal stem cell-like VSMCs, immune-related VSMCs, proinflammatory VSMCs, senescent VSMCs, and stressed VSMCs are identified in non-hereditary AAs. The transformation of VSMCs into different phenotypes is an adaptive response to deleterious stimuli but can also trigger pathological remodeling that exacerbates the pathogenesis and development of AAs. This review is intended to contribute to the understanding of VSMC diversity in health and aneurysmal diseases. Papers that give an update on VSMC phenotype diversity in health and aneurysmal disease are summarized and recent insights on the role of VSMCs in AAs are discussed. MDPI 2023-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10380637/ /pubmed/37511460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411701 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hu, Yunwen Cai, Zhaohua He, Ben Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease |
title | Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease |
title_full | Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease |
title_fullStr | Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease |
title_short | Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease |
title_sort | smooth muscle heterogeneity and plasticity in health and aortic aneurysmal disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10380637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37511460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411701 |
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