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Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin
Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine is not only involved in PD but also controls multiple mental and physical activities, such as the pleasure of food, friends and loved ones, music, art, mood, cognition, motivation, fear, affective...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10380707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37511235 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411478 |
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author | Jayanti, Sri Dalla Verde, Camilla Tiribelli, Claudio Gazzin, Silvia |
author_facet | Jayanti, Sri Dalla Verde, Camilla Tiribelli, Claudio Gazzin, Silvia |
author_sort | Jayanti, Sri |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine is not only involved in PD but also controls multiple mental and physical activities, such as the pleasure of food, friends and loved ones, music, art, mood, cognition, motivation, fear, affective disorders, addiction, attention deficit disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Dopaminergic neurons (DOPAn) are susceptible to stressors, and inflammation is a recognized risk for neuronal malfunctioning and cell death in major neurodegenerative diseases. Less is known for non-neurodegenerative conditions. Among the endogenous defenses, bilirubin, a heme metabolite, has been shown to possess important anti-inflammatory activity and, most importantly, to prevent DOPAn demise in an ex vivo model of PD by acting on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). This review summarizes the evidence linking DOPAn, inflammation (when possible, specifically TNFα), and bilirubin as an anti-inflammatory in order to understand what is known, the gaps that need filling, and the hypotheses of anti-inflammatory strategies to preserve dopamine homeostasis with bilirubin included. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10380707 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103807072023-07-29 Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin Jayanti, Sri Dalla Verde, Camilla Tiribelli, Claudio Gazzin, Silvia Int J Mol Sci Review Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine is not only involved in PD but also controls multiple mental and physical activities, such as the pleasure of food, friends and loved ones, music, art, mood, cognition, motivation, fear, affective disorders, addiction, attention deficit disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Dopaminergic neurons (DOPAn) are susceptible to stressors, and inflammation is a recognized risk for neuronal malfunctioning and cell death in major neurodegenerative diseases. Less is known for non-neurodegenerative conditions. Among the endogenous defenses, bilirubin, a heme metabolite, has been shown to possess important anti-inflammatory activity and, most importantly, to prevent DOPAn demise in an ex vivo model of PD by acting on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). This review summarizes the evidence linking DOPAn, inflammation (when possible, specifically TNFα), and bilirubin as an anti-inflammatory in order to understand what is known, the gaps that need filling, and the hypotheses of anti-inflammatory strategies to preserve dopamine homeostasis with bilirubin included. MDPI 2023-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10380707/ /pubmed/37511235 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411478 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Jayanti, Sri Dalla Verde, Camilla Tiribelli, Claudio Gazzin, Silvia Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin |
title | Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin |
title_full | Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin |
title_fullStr | Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin |
title_full_unstemmed | Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin |
title_short | Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin |
title_sort | inflammation, dopaminergic brain and bilirubin |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10380707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37511235 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411478 |
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