Cargando…

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder that was first described in the late 1800s as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it has recently been categorized, as a disease, especially with the discovery of aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) and myelin oligodendrocyte...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Huang, Brendan, Arora, Rohan, McFarlane, Spencer, Diamond, Joseph A, Najjar, Souhel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381097/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37519518
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41099
_version_ 1785080358877790208
author Huang, Brendan
Arora, Rohan
McFarlane, Spencer
Diamond, Joseph A
Najjar, Souhel
author_facet Huang, Brendan
Arora, Rohan
McFarlane, Spencer
Diamond, Joseph A
Najjar, Souhel
author_sort Huang, Brendan
collection PubMed
description Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder that was first described in the late 1800s as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it has recently been categorized, as a disease, especially with the discovery of aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab). Unfortunately, patient presentation is not always clear, and NMOSD may initially be diagnosed as an alternative neurological disease. We present a 58-year-old woman who was hospitalized several times for what was initially perceived as a pontine stroke. However, given worsening symptoms, serologic testing confirmed AQP4-Ab positivity and, subsequently, the NMOSD diagnosis. In addition to the case report, a systematic literature review was performed to identify NMOSD cases initially misdiagnosed as stroke. Publications were selected and curated in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six NMOSD patients were initially thought to have had acute strokes. However, steady progression and/or the recurrence of symptoms suggested that further investigations with neuroimaging studies and serological immune assays were necessary to exclude alternative etiologies. Notably, the age at onset in all cases was significantly more advanced than patients with typical NMOSD presentations (median age 32-41). In conclusion, the NMOSD diagnosis should be considered in cases with atypical stroke-like presentations, particularly those of later onset (defined as equal to or greater than 50 years of age). This is important as early recognition and treatment with immune therapies can improve functional outcomes. 
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10381097
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Cureus
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103810972023-07-29 Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review Huang, Brendan Arora, Rohan McFarlane, Spencer Diamond, Joseph A Najjar, Souhel Cureus Neurology Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder that was first described in the late 1800s as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it has recently been categorized, as a disease, especially with the discovery of aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab). Unfortunately, patient presentation is not always clear, and NMOSD may initially be diagnosed as an alternative neurological disease. We present a 58-year-old woman who was hospitalized several times for what was initially perceived as a pontine stroke. However, given worsening symptoms, serologic testing confirmed AQP4-Ab positivity and, subsequently, the NMOSD diagnosis. In addition to the case report, a systematic literature review was performed to identify NMOSD cases initially misdiagnosed as stroke. Publications were selected and curated in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six NMOSD patients were initially thought to have had acute strokes. However, steady progression and/or the recurrence of symptoms suggested that further investigations with neuroimaging studies and serological immune assays were necessary to exclude alternative etiologies. Notably, the age at onset in all cases was significantly more advanced than patients with typical NMOSD presentations (median age 32-41). In conclusion, the NMOSD diagnosis should be considered in cases with atypical stroke-like presentations, particularly those of later onset (defined as equal to or greater than 50 years of age). This is important as early recognition and treatment with immune therapies can improve functional outcomes.  Cureus 2023-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10381097/ /pubmed/37519518 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41099 Text en Copyright © 2023, Huang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neurology
Huang, Brendan
Arora, Rohan
McFarlane, Spencer
Diamond, Joseph A
Najjar, Souhel
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
title Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
title_full Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
title_fullStr Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
title_short Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking Pontine Stroke: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
title_sort neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder mimicking pontine stroke: a case report and systematic literature review
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381097/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37519518
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41099
work_keys_str_mv AT huangbrendan neuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisordermimickingpontinestrokeacasereportandsystematicliteraturereview
AT arorarohan neuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisordermimickingpontinestrokeacasereportandsystematicliteraturereview
AT mcfarlanespencer neuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisordermimickingpontinestrokeacasereportandsystematicliteraturereview
AT diamondjosepha neuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisordermimickingpontinestrokeacasereportandsystematicliteraturereview
AT najjarsouhel neuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisordermimickingpontinestrokeacasereportandsystematicliteraturereview