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Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats

Conidia fusion (CF) is a commonly observed structure in fungi. However, it has not been systematically studied. This study examined 2457 strains of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) to explore the species specificity, physiological period, and physiological significance of CF. The results demonstrated t...

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Autores principales: Yang, Xinju, Zhang, Fa, Yang, Yaoquan, Zhou, Faping, Boonmee, Saranyaphat, Xiao, Wen, Yang, Xiaoyan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504743
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9070755
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author Yang, Xinju
Zhang, Fa
Yang, Yaoquan
Zhou, Faping
Boonmee, Saranyaphat
Xiao, Wen
Yang, Xiaoyan
author_facet Yang, Xinju
Zhang, Fa
Yang, Yaoquan
Zhou, Faping
Boonmee, Saranyaphat
Xiao, Wen
Yang, Xiaoyan
author_sort Yang, Xinju
collection PubMed
description Conidia fusion (CF) is a commonly observed structure in fungi. However, it has not been systematically studied. This study examined 2457 strains of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) to explore the species specificity, physiological period, and physiological significance of CF. The results demonstrated that only six species of Arthrobotrys can form CF among the sixty-five tested NTF species. The studies on the model species Arthrobotrys oligospora (DL228) showed that CF occurred in both shed and unshed plus mature and immature conidia. Additionally, the conidia fusion rate (CFR) increased significantly with the decrease of nutrient concentration in habitats. The studies on the conidia fusion body (CFB) produced by A. oligospora (DL228) revealed that the more conidia contained in the CFB, the faster and denser the mycelia of the CFB germinated in weak nutrient medium and soil plates. On the one hand, rapid mycelial extension is beneficial for the CFB to quickly find new nutrient sources in habitats with uneven nutrient distribution. On the other hand, dense mycelium increases the contact area with the environment, improving the nutrient absorption efficiency, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of conidia in the weak nutrient environment. In addition, all species that form CF produce smaller conidia. Based on this observation, CF may be a strategy to balance the defects (nutrient deficiency) caused by conidia miniaturization.
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spelling pubmed-103813652023-07-29 Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats Yang, Xinju Zhang, Fa Yang, Yaoquan Zhou, Faping Boonmee, Saranyaphat Xiao, Wen Yang, Xiaoyan J Fungi (Basel) Article Conidia fusion (CF) is a commonly observed structure in fungi. However, it has not been systematically studied. This study examined 2457 strains of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) to explore the species specificity, physiological period, and physiological significance of CF. The results demonstrated that only six species of Arthrobotrys can form CF among the sixty-five tested NTF species. The studies on the model species Arthrobotrys oligospora (DL228) showed that CF occurred in both shed and unshed plus mature and immature conidia. Additionally, the conidia fusion rate (CFR) increased significantly with the decrease of nutrient concentration in habitats. The studies on the conidia fusion body (CFB) produced by A. oligospora (DL228) revealed that the more conidia contained in the CFB, the faster and denser the mycelia of the CFB germinated in weak nutrient medium and soil plates. On the one hand, rapid mycelial extension is beneficial for the CFB to quickly find new nutrient sources in habitats with uneven nutrient distribution. On the other hand, dense mycelium increases the contact area with the environment, improving the nutrient absorption efficiency, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of conidia in the weak nutrient environment. In addition, all species that form CF produce smaller conidia. Based on this observation, CF may be a strategy to balance the defects (nutrient deficiency) caused by conidia miniaturization. MDPI 2023-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10381365/ /pubmed/37504743 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9070755 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Xinju
Zhang, Fa
Yang, Yaoquan
Zhou, Faping
Boonmee, Saranyaphat
Xiao, Wen
Yang, Xiaoyan
Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats
title Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats
title_full Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats
title_fullStr Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats
title_full_unstemmed Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats
title_short Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats
title_sort conidia fusion: a mechanism for fungal adaptation to nutrient-poor habitats
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504743
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9070755
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