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Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization
Thermo-chemical conversion via the pyrolysis of cigarette butt (CB) filters was successfully valorized and upcycled in the pre-carbonization and carbonization stages. The pre-carbonization stage (devolatilization) of the precursor material (cellulose acetate filter, r-CAcF) was analyzed by micro-sca...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10383087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143054 |
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author | Janković, Bojan Kojić, Marija Milošević, Milena Rosić, Milena Waisi, Hadi Božilović, Bojana Manić, Nebojša Dodevski, Vladimir |
author_facet | Janković, Bojan Kojić, Marija Milošević, Milena Rosić, Milena Waisi, Hadi Božilović, Bojana Manić, Nebojša Dodevski, Vladimir |
author_sort | Janković, Bojan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thermo-chemical conversion via the pyrolysis of cigarette butt (CB) filters was successfully valorized and upcycled in the pre-carbonization and carbonization stages. The pre-carbonization stage (devolatilization) of the precursor material (cellulose acetate filter, r-CAcF) was analyzed by micro-scale experiments under non-isothermal conditions using TG-DTG-DTA and DSC techniques. The results of a detailed kinetic study showed that the decomposition of r-CAcF takes place via complex mechanisms, including consecutive reaction steps and two single-step reactions. Consecutive stages include the α-transition referred to as a cellulose polymorphic transformation (cellulose I → II) through crystallization mechanism changes, where a more thermodynamically ordered system was obtained. It was found that the transformation rate of cellulose I → II (‘cellulose regeneration’) is strongly affected by the presence of alkali metals and the deacetylation process. Two single-step reactions showed significant overlapping behavior, which involves a nucleation-controlled scission mechanism (producing levoglucosan, gaseous products, and abundant radicals) and hydrolytic decomposition of cellulose by catalytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds with the presence of an acidic catalyst. A macro-scale experiment showed that the operating temperature and heating rate had the most notable effects on the total surface area of the manufactured carbon. A substantial degree of mesoporosity with a median pore radius of 3.1695 nm was identified. The presence of macroporosity on the carbon surface and acidic surface functional groups was observed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10383087 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103830872023-07-30 Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization Janković, Bojan Kojić, Marija Milošević, Milena Rosić, Milena Waisi, Hadi Božilović, Bojana Manić, Nebojša Dodevski, Vladimir Polymers (Basel) Article Thermo-chemical conversion via the pyrolysis of cigarette butt (CB) filters was successfully valorized and upcycled in the pre-carbonization and carbonization stages. The pre-carbonization stage (devolatilization) of the precursor material (cellulose acetate filter, r-CAcF) was analyzed by micro-scale experiments under non-isothermal conditions using TG-DTG-DTA and DSC techniques. The results of a detailed kinetic study showed that the decomposition of r-CAcF takes place via complex mechanisms, including consecutive reaction steps and two single-step reactions. Consecutive stages include the α-transition referred to as a cellulose polymorphic transformation (cellulose I → II) through crystallization mechanism changes, where a more thermodynamically ordered system was obtained. It was found that the transformation rate of cellulose I → II (‘cellulose regeneration’) is strongly affected by the presence of alkali metals and the deacetylation process. Two single-step reactions showed significant overlapping behavior, which involves a nucleation-controlled scission mechanism (producing levoglucosan, gaseous products, and abundant radicals) and hydrolytic decomposition of cellulose by catalytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds with the presence of an acidic catalyst. A macro-scale experiment showed that the operating temperature and heating rate had the most notable effects on the total surface area of the manufactured carbon. A substantial degree of mesoporosity with a median pore radius of 3.1695 nm was identified. The presence of macroporosity on the carbon surface and acidic surface functional groups was observed. MDPI 2023-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10383087/ /pubmed/37514442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143054 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Janković, Bojan Kojić, Marija Milošević, Milena Rosić, Milena Waisi, Hadi Božilović, Bojana Manić, Nebojša Dodevski, Vladimir Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization |
title | Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization |
title_full | Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization |
title_fullStr | Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization |
title_full_unstemmed | Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization |
title_short | Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization |
title_sort | upcycling of the used cigarette butt filters through pyrolysis process: detailed kinetic mechanism with bio-char characterization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10383087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143054 |
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