Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor A(2A)AR in Lipid Nanodiscs

Eight hundred and twenty-six human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the actions of two-thirds of the human hormones and neurotransmitters and over one-third of clinically used drugs. Studying the structure and dynamics of human GPCRs in lipid bilayer environments resembling the native cell membrane milieu is of great interest as a basis for understanding structure–function relationships and thus benefits continued drug development. Here, we incorporate the human A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) into lipid nanodiscs, which represent a detergent-free environment for structural studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. The [(15)N,(1)H]-TROSY correlation spectra confirmed that the complex of [u-(15)N, ~70% (2)H]-A(2A)AR with an inverse agonist adopts its global fold in lipid nanodiscs in solution at physiological temperature. The global assessment led to two observations of practical interest. First, A(2A)AR in nanodiscs can be stored for at least one month at 4 °C in an aqueous solvent. Second, LMNG/CHS micelles are a very close mimic of the environment of A(2A)AR in nanodiscs. The NMR signal of five individually assigned tryptophan indole (15)N–(1)H moieties located in different regions of the receptor structure further enabled a detailed assessment of the impact of nanodiscs and LMNG/CHS micelles on the local structure and dynamics of A(2A)AR. As expected, the largest effects were observed near the lipid–water interface along the intra- and extracellular surfaces, indicating possible roles of tryptophan side chains in stabilizing GPCRs in lipid bilayer membranes.