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Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse

The imitative modelling of processes in the brain of living beings is an ambitious task. However, advances in the complexity of existing hardware brain models are limited by their low speed and high energy consumption. A superconducting circuit with Josephson junctions closely mimics the neuronal me...

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Autores principales: Schegolev, Andrey E., Klenov, Nikolay V., Gubochkin, Georgy I., Kupriyanov, Mikhail Yu., Soloviev, Igor I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10383304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37513112
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142101
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author Schegolev, Andrey E.
Klenov, Nikolay V.
Gubochkin, Georgy I.
Kupriyanov, Mikhail Yu.
Soloviev, Igor I.
author_facet Schegolev, Andrey E.
Klenov, Nikolay V.
Gubochkin, Georgy I.
Kupriyanov, Mikhail Yu.
Soloviev, Igor I.
author_sort Schegolev, Andrey E.
collection PubMed
description The imitative modelling of processes in the brain of living beings is an ambitious task. However, advances in the complexity of existing hardware brain models are limited by their low speed and high energy consumption. A superconducting circuit with Josephson junctions closely mimics the neuronal membrane with channels involved in the operation of the sodium-potassium pump. The dynamic processes in such a system are characterised by a duration of picoseconds and an energy level of attojoules. In this work, two superconducting models of a biological neuron are studied. New modes of their operation are identified, including the so-called bursting mode, which plays an important role in biological neural networks. The possibility of switching between different modes in situ is shown, providing the possibility of dynamic control of the system. A synaptic connection that mimics the short-term potentiation of a biological synapse is developed and demonstrated. Finally, the simplest two-neuron chain comprising the proposed bio-inspired components is simulated, and the prospects of superconducting hardware biosimilars are briefly discussed.
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spelling pubmed-103833042023-07-30 Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse Schegolev, Andrey E. Klenov, Nikolay V. Gubochkin, Georgy I. Kupriyanov, Mikhail Yu. Soloviev, Igor I. Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The imitative modelling of processes in the brain of living beings is an ambitious task. However, advances in the complexity of existing hardware brain models are limited by their low speed and high energy consumption. A superconducting circuit with Josephson junctions closely mimics the neuronal membrane with channels involved in the operation of the sodium-potassium pump. The dynamic processes in such a system are characterised by a duration of picoseconds and an energy level of attojoules. In this work, two superconducting models of a biological neuron are studied. New modes of their operation are identified, including the so-called bursting mode, which plays an important role in biological neural networks. The possibility of switching between different modes in situ is shown, providing the possibility of dynamic control of the system. A synaptic connection that mimics the short-term potentiation of a biological synapse is developed and demonstrated. Finally, the simplest two-neuron chain comprising the proposed bio-inspired components is simulated, and the prospects of superconducting hardware biosimilars are briefly discussed. MDPI 2023-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10383304/ /pubmed/37513112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142101 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Schegolev, Andrey E.
Klenov, Nikolay V.
Gubochkin, Georgy I.
Kupriyanov, Mikhail Yu.
Soloviev, Igor I.
Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse
title Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse
title_full Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse
title_fullStr Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse
title_full_unstemmed Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse
title_short Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse
title_sort bio-inspired design of superconducting spiking neuron and synapse
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10383304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37513112
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142101
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